28 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



was 14.5 per cent less than that in 1^)07, 

 it was yet move tlian double tlic ont|int of 

 J900. 



The average production of red giini lum 

 ber per mill in 1908 was 1(17,900 feet. Red 

 gum is widely distributed throughout the 

 Central and Southern states, but Arkansas 

 lias been the largest jiroducer of red gum 

 lumber since statistics concerning the pro- 

 duction of this species have been collected. 

 The cut in that state in 1908 formed 32. .5 

 per cent of the total output, althongh this 

 was a decrease of 47,603,000 feet, or 19.9 

 per pent, from the cut of 1907. The cut in 

 Mississippi was practically the same in the 

 I wo years, while that of Missouri fell off 

 nearly 12,000,000 feet. The decrease in 

 Tennessee was appro.ximately 9, .'500,000 

 feet, and that in KentnVky about 8,000,000 

 feet. These five states supplied more than 

 four-fiftli;3 of the total amount of red gum 

 lumber cut in 190S. [n 1908 the average 

 values of red gum lumber in the principal 

 jiroducing states ranged from .'(ill.."i2 |ier 

 lliinisand feet in North ''arolina to $1.5. 3() 

 in Indiana. 



Chestnut 



C'licstnut is a wood which has only in re 

 cent years become prominent as a source of 

 lumber. It is widely distributed through- 

 cut the East and South. 



The total cut in 1908 was more than two 

 and 'one-half times the cut in lOild. al 

 though it was less by 113,898,000 feet, or 

 17.4 per cent, than the production of 1907. 

 I'or several years Pennsylvania has ranked 

 first as a proilucer of chestnut lumber, its 

 proportion of the total cut in 191)8 lieing 

 18.9 per cent. The output, however, was a 

 decrease of nuire than 2.5,000,000 feet from 

 the cut in 19(17. West V^irginia ranked 

 second in 19(18, as in 19(17, though with a 

 decrease of 28,900,000 feet, or 24. ."i per 

 cent, in the later year. The out|iii( ol 

 chestnut lumber in Connecticut in 1908 was 

 2.711,000 feet more than in 1907. giving 

 this state third place instead of Tennessee, 

 which held it in the ]U'evious year. The 

 decrease in the outp\it in Tennessee was 

 ni^arly lo, 000, 0(1(1 feet in 19118 as compared 

 witli 1907. Talu'u togetlier, these fou)' 

 states furnished nearly three fifths of the 

 total production in 19(is. 



In 1908 the a\erage \:iliie |ier (lnuisand 

 feet of chestnut lundjcr in the principal 

 states producing it ranged from $I4.:;9 in 

 Maryland to .'f;2.'5.8S in New .Jersey. 

 Beech 

 Only within recent years have rel:itively 

 comjjlete data upon the cut of beecli hnii 

 ber been available. The reported |u-oilur 

 lion in 1908 was less than that in the pre 

 ceding year, the decrease being ajipro.xi- 

 mately 20,00(1,000 feet, or 4.() per cent. 



Michigan is the leading state in the pro- 

 duction of beech lumber, and tin' cut in 

 1908, though less by 3,400, 00(1 feet than the 

 cut in 1907, was more than one-fifth of the 

 total output. Indi.ana ranked secoinl. with 

 more than 17 ]ier cent of the total cut, and 



.eennsylvania tiiir.l, with nearly 15 per 

 cent. iNew York cut nearly 3, — ,..00 feet 

 more beech lumber in 1908 than in 1907. 

 Taken together, these four states supplied 

 practically two-thirds of the total produc- 

 tion. 



Birch 

 The total cut of birch lumber in 1908 

 was praetically the same as that in 1907, 

 and nearly three times the output in 1900. 

 Wisconsin has leil for a number of years 

 in the production of birch lumber, though 

 the increasing percentages supplied by 

 other states have reduced this lead some- 

 what in recent years. This state supplied 

 45.-5 per cent of the total cut in 1900, and 

 38 per cent of the total in 1908. (Jthcr 

 important states in the production of birch 

 lumber are Maine, Michigan, and New 

 York. These three states, together with 

 Wisconsin, furnished more than three-quar- 

 ters of the total jiroduetion in 190s. ]n 

 that year tlie average values of birch lum- 

 l>er in the j)rinci|ial states producing it 

 ranged from .$13.80 per thinisand feet in 

 Minnesota to $22 in New York. 

 Basswood 

 Basswood. Iil<r birch, while of com]iara- 

 tively wide occurrence, is manufactured 

 into lumber on a relatively large scale in 

 only a few states. 



Wisconsin has a strong lead in the pro- 

 duction of basswood lumber, furnishing 

 34.5 per cent of the total cut in 1908. The 

 cut in this state was, however, 37,574,000 

 feet less in that year than in the preceding 

 year, and in Michigan it was appro.ximately 

 11,000,000 feet less, while in New York tlie 

 output was slightly greater in 190s than 

 in 1907. These three states cut more than 

 iive-eighths of the total quantity ]]r(idnied 

 in the later \ear. 



In 1908 the average values of basswood 

 lundier in the principal states ranged from 

 .+15.99 per tliousand feet in North Carcdina 

 to *24.18 in Indiana. The ))roduction of 

 basswood h:"s been tlurtuat iiit; within 

 rather narrow limits for tin' past eight 

 years. 



Elm 

 .A.lthough the rcqiorted cut of 190S is 

 greater than that of 1907. tlu' nui.xinuim 

 production of elm lumber was ]iassed sev- 

 eral years :igo. 



The, reportecl |iroduction was approxi- 

 mately 13,0(10, I feet more in 190.S than 



in 1907. the increase l)eing 5.1 ]ier cent. 

 As in the pros ions year, Wisconsin was the 

 leading state in tlu' maunfa<'ture of elm 

 lumber, the output in that state being ap 

 proximately 0,000,000 feet more in 1908 

 than in 1907. The cut in Michigan was 

 nearly 15,(100,0(10 feet gi-eater in 1908 than 

 in 1907, and this state was second in rank 

 in the later year; on the other hand, the 

 ontjint in Indiana f(dl ofl' over 12,000.001) 

 feet and the state droppnl friiin sec(Mid 

 place to fifth place in 1908. Ohio and New 

 York cut ap]U'o.ximately equal qiumtities in 

 the two vears. Seven-tenths id' the total 



quantity of elm lumber produced in 1908 

 was supplied by these five states. In the 

 principal states producing elm lumber the 

 average values per thousand feet in 1908 

 ranged from $10.05 in Oklahonm to $24 in 

 New York. 



Cottonwood 

 Till' cottonwoods are anuing the most 

 widely distributed species of, wood, and yet 

 the bulk of the lumber manufactured from 

 them comes from the central and Southern 

 states. There are also included under this 

 heading relatively small quantities of lum- 

 ber cut from the aspens or other species of 

 the genus Poptdus which grow in the 

 i:orthern and New England states, where 

 they are known locally as "poplar" or 

 ' ' popple, ' ' and also small quantities from 

 the balsam jjoplar or balm of Gilead in 

 Minnesota. 



Mills in 39 states manufactured cotton- 

 wood lumber in 1908, but the output in that 

 year was less by 60,686,000 feet, or 20.7 per 

 cent, than in 1907. Mississippi and Ar- 

 kansas eacli supplied more than one-fifth of 

 the outpnit in 1908, and Louiisiana about 

 one-eighth. Over one-half of the total pro- 

 duction was reported by these three states. 

 Ash 

 Asli is wid(dy distributed throughout the 

 eastern half of the United States, and no 

 state or group of states distinctly leads in 

 its production. 



The outjiut of the 37 states rejiorting for 

 1908 was a decrease of nearly 27,000,000 

 feet, or 10.6 per cent, from the cut in 1907. 

 Michigan and Arkansas each furnished 9.4 ■ 

 ];er cent of the total, and Ohio and Indiana 

 ahnost as much;" slightly more than 8 pel 

 cent was cut in Wisconsin, and nearly 7 per 

 cent each in Tennessee and New Y'ork. 

 Other states of considerable importance as 

 .sources of ash lumber were Mississippi, Mis- 

 souri, Kentucky, Louisiana, Pennsylvania. 

 West Virginia, and South Carolina. 



While there has been no decided change 

 in the total cut of ash for the past eight 

 years, the quantity supplieil by some states 

 has changed greatly. The total cut in 1900 

 was 269,120,000 feet, or 43,753,000 feet 

 more than the cut in 1908. Of this produc- 

 tion in 1900, however, Michigan supplied 

 85,753,000 feet, or more than four times as 

 much as was cut in that state in 1908. 

 Hickory 

 In Ittos. mills in 34 states reported a cut 

 of hiidiorv lumlier that was approximately 

 11,000,000 t'eet less tlian in 1907. a negligible 

 dcc-rease, considering general conditions. 



.\bout one-half of the total quantity of 

 hickory lumber reported was manufaetured 

 in Arkansas, Tennessee, Indiana, and Ken- 

 lucliy. 



Tupelo 

 This term is chiefly used to designate the 

 w(pod of the tree known to Indanists.as 

 A'l/.v.wi .ii)lratic(i, and often locally called 

 ' ' bay ])oplar. ' ' This wood is associated 

 with cypress and is cut principally by the 

 nnunifactnrers of cypress hnnber. Included 



