HARDWOOD RECORD 



29 



iiiidiM- tiijielci is also sdiiic lumber cut from ■ Cherry 



either species of the genus Nyssa and known Cherry is M rare wood, and but few logs 



loi-ally as jiepperidge, blaek gum, white ^f jt eome to any one mill in the course of 



gum, etc. ordinary hardwood lumber manufacturing. 



Over 45 per cent of the total quantity of Npa^iy „„e-quarter of the total cut was pro- 



tupelo lumber produced was manufactured duced in West Virginia. Pennsylvania 



in Louisiana, about one-sixth in North ranked second, while other states of some 



Carolina, and the bulk of the remainder in importance in the manufacture of cherry 



Alabama, Missouri, Mississippi, and Vir- l,n„ber were Indiana, New York, Ohio, and 



ginia. Michigan. 



Walnut fl,,. reporteil production of cherry lum 



Walnut is widely distriljuted throughout '"'i' '" !■'"" was 9,087,000 feet, valued at 



the eastern half of the United States, and $:^OS,S;24, or .>(;3:i99 per thousand feet. 



the 1908 production of hiniber from this -,,.,,■ 



*^ Minor Species 



wood, including a sniiill rut nf Imtternut. 



was reported from 29 states. Data as to the quantity and value of tlio 



More than one-half of the total cut of lumber manufactured are shown for l.") 



1908 was reported from the three states of other species, the cut of any one of which 



Indiana, Ohio, and Missouri, considerable was not sufficient to warrant a separate 



(piantities also being produced in Illinois, showing. Among these species are included 



Kentucky, and Tennessee. While walnut two imported woods, mahogany and Spanish 



timber is not abundant enough to make pos- cedar, the former of which makes up more 



- m 



MIXOU SPECIES OF HARDWOOD— QUANTITY AND VALUE, AND PRINCIPAL STATES 

 IN WHICH CUT: 1008. 



Kind — -M feet. Value. Principal states in which cut. 



Mahojian.v l.~».:HiT .$1,651,417 Kentucky. Louisiana, and Alabama. 



lUiclieye '.K'A-i'2 ]24.."».'i7 'iVnncss'-e. Kentucliy. West Virginia, and Ntirlli Cnrnlina. 



I.cKUSt I.:i:i7 :il.71!l Indiana and Virginia. 



I'crsiminon 1.077 y.3..j40 Arliansas. Louisiana, and Alabama. 



(urutnlier It'.i'.i 21.180 West Virginia and Pennsylvania. 



-Xlijilcwcod o2.> 11.37."» Micliigan. New .Jersey, and Pennsylvania. 



Spanish cedar 312 27.8.")0 Alabama, Ohio, and Tennessee. 



\>'ill()\v 302 3.21ti Mississippi and I'eimsylvania. 



Iingwodd 2til 8.3H) Tennessee and North t'arolina. 



Haclil>en-y ........ 21'.i 3.1G1 Missouri. Kentucliy. Indiana. Tennessee, and .Maljama. 



Aider l.Ko 2.7().'3 Washington and Oregon. 



-Myrtle 72 3.420 Oregon. 



Sassafras 2.'t 47j Tennessee and Mississippi. 



Magnolia lo 130 Georgia. 



• 'ofTcptree 1 20 Indiana. 



T.jial 29,81!) $l,923.07."i 



sible the manufacture .of large quantities of 

 w.-ilnut lumber, the production has remained 

 <-omparatively steady from year to year, 

 mainly as a result of the fact that lumber 

 from this species continues to command a 

 higher price than that manufactured from 

 any other native wood. Much of the high- 

 est grade walnut timber is exported to Eu- 

 rope in the log, so that reports of walnut 

 lumber production in the t'nited States do 

 not give the total output of this valuable 

 wood. 



Sycamore 



Sycamore is another useful wood which, 

 while widely distributed throughout the 

 eastern half, of the United States, does not 

 occur in sufficient quantity in any one lo- 

 cality to make a large cut of it practicable. 



In 1908 Indiana was the leading state in 

 The manufacture of sycamore lumber, with 

 aiiproximately one-fourth of the total cut 

 Other states of importance in sycamore lum- 

 ber ju'oduction are Missouri, Kentucky, 

 Ohio, Arkansas, Illinois, Tennessee, West 

 >'irginia, and Oklahoma. 



The cut of sycamore lumber in 1907 wtis 

 40,044,000 feet, with an average value of 

 $14.''* per thousand feet. 



than one-half of the total quantity of these 

 minor species. The figures given for ma- 

 hogany and Spanish cedar by no means in- 

 dicate the average annual importation of 

 these woods, since large quantities of them 

 are consumed as material in establishments 

 which are not covered by this section of 

 the report — veneer mills, turning and carv- 

 ing establishments, and those manufacturing 

 interior tinish. 



Of the native woods among the minor sp<'- 

 cies, by far the most important was buckeyi'. 

 The major part of the lumber produced 

 from this species was in Tennessee, Ken- 

 tucky, West Virginia, and North Carolina. 

 While more than 1,000,000 feet each of 

 locust and persimmon lumber were reported, 

 the actual consumption of these woods is 

 doubtless far in excess of this figure, since 

 in addition to being manufactured into lum- 

 lier these woods are cut into special forms 

 fuited to the particular uses for which they 

 are adapted. Undoubtedly more cucumber 

 lumber is manufactured than is shown by 

 the reports, since it is not unusual for lum- 

 ber whicdi is cut from tills species to lie 

 included with yidlow poplar. 



Leading States and Species 

 In the accompanying tabular statement are 

 shown the states which in 1908 led in the 

 [iroduction of lumber from the 30 species of 

 timber, statistics of the cut from each of 

 which are presented in the tallies imnie 

 diately preceding: 



State. Kind or Itinds of wood in the 



cut of wliich the state 

 ranlted first. 



Arltansas Red gum and hickory. 



California Western pine, redwood, white fir 



and sugar pine. 



Indiana Walnut and sycamore. 



ICentucky Oak. 



Louisiana Yellow pine, cypress and tupelo. 



Maine Spruce and balsam fir. 



Michigan Mapl<', beech and ash. 



Minnesota White pine and tamarack. 



Mississippi Cottonwood. 



Montana Larch. 



I'ennsylvania .. . chestnut. 

 Wasliington .... Iiouglas tir and cedar. 

 West Virginia. . . Yellow poplar and cherry. 

 Wisconsin Hemlock, birt-h. basswond & elm. 



In 1908, 14 states reported a production 

 of more than one billion feet of lumber 

 each, and in the following tabular state- 

 ment these are shown in the order of out- 

 put, together with the principal species re- 

 ported from each, and the percentage that 

 this species constituted of the state's total 



Per cent 



specified 



kind of 



wood forms 



of total cut 



of state. 



79.1 



77.S 



78.7 



05..-) 



.•!(;..-! 



9S.1 



33.."j 



79.2 



83.4 



46.7 



60.3 



92.1 



cut : 



State. 



Principal 

 kind of wood. 



Washington .. . . Houglas tir 



Louisiana ..... Yellow pine 



Mississippi .... Vellmv pine 



Arkansas Vellmv pine 



Wisconsin ....'. Hemlock 



Texas Yellow pine 



Michigan Hemlock '. 



Oregon . \ Douglas tir 



Minnesota White pine 



Pennsylvania .. . Hemlock 



Virginia Yellow pine 



Alabama : Yellow pine 



North Carolina. . Vf How pine 71.6 



West Virginia. . . Oak 29.0 



French Method of Making Alcohol Froiu. 

 Sawdust 



Replying to a Chicago inquiry asking for in- 

 formation concerning tlie manufacture of alcohol 

 from sawdust in France, the quantity of such 

 material available, and the prospect of a sale in 

 that country of a newl.v invented American proc- 

 ess for that purpose. Consul-General Frank H- 

 Mason, of Paris, reports as follows : 



"Very little timber or lumber is sawed in or 

 near the forests of France, so that the supply 

 of material for such a process would be limited 

 and expensive. Apparently the only establish- 

 ment for the manufacture of alcohol from saw- 

 dust is at St. Marcel, in the Department of 

 Ardeche. in the south of France, not far from 

 the Mediterranean. It is a new, up-to-date con- 

 cein and employs a highly Improved process of 

 an Inventor of Aix la <_'liapelle, which consists 

 in exposing sawdust to sulphurous acid gas. 

 whereljy a chemical action is induced which 

 enables the alcohol fo be generated and_ ex- 

 tracted without being mixed or contaminated by 

 the sulphur, as had always hai)pened when saw- 

 dust was macerated in a solution of sulphuric 

 acid under the older processes. Consequently, 

 it is claimed that wood alcohol made by the 

 new process can ho drunk or used for any other 

 purpose to which pure alcohol is usually ai>- 

 plied. 



"One metric ton 1 2.204 pounds) of sawdust 

 yields by this process 100 liters, or 27.47 gal' 

 tons, of alcohol, 20 kilos (42 pounds) of acetic 

 acid, and the residue or spent sawdust is iiressed 

 into briquettes and used as fuel. Consequently 

 it is claimed that the process is very prolitable. 

 '1 he process is patented, of course. In France and 

 the United States." 



