HARDWOOD RECORD 



00 



parts of the country, it is not surprising 

 tiiat it has as yet scarcely been attempted by 

 private owners. What forest planting lias been 

 ilone on private lands is mainly tbe result of 

 artificial encouragement, by the Federal tim- 

 ber-culture laws, now repealed, or by boun- 

 ties or tax exemptions offered by the states. 

 The bounty and exemption laws are, as a 

 rule, unsatisfactory in their results, and the 

 forest area of the country has not been much 

 extended by this means. The total area of 

 planted forest land does not exceed 965,000 

 acres. Yet the total area of land which 

 would yield its greatest returns from planted 

 forest is more than 56,000,000 acres. 



In New England forest planting has been 

 particularly successful, and is now being done 

 on an increasing scale. Not including oUl 

 plantations that have been cut, approximate- 

 ly :;5,000 acres have been planted, and it is 

 estimated that 5,000,000 board feet of white 

 pine and 34,000 feet of hardwoods could be 

 harvested to-day from plantations in New 

 England. From the trees that were planted 

 ill 1908 about 60,000,000 feet can be obtained 

 wlien the plantations become merchantable. 



Realizing the advantage of an assured fu- 

 ture tiinlier supply, several railroads are add- 

 ing to their forest holdings and managing 

 their forest properties for the production of 

 a sustained yield of cross-ties for their own 

 roads. The success and economy of preser- 

 vative treatment now make it possible to 

 use for cross-ties woods that are cheaper and 

 more abundant than the woods of longer life. 

 By their recent purchases of tracts of lob- 

 lollj' pine the railroads are showing their 

 appreciation of this fact. The practice of 

 forestry by the railroads is therefore especial- 

 ly significant, in that it includes, in addition 

 to conservative management, the commercial 

 utilization of timbers of lower grade. In a 

 number of cases planting is done, also with 

 a view to tie production, though sucli planting 

 IS usually a subordinate l)art of the forest 

 policy. 



As widely scattered illustrations of what 

 private forestry may do and is beginning to 

 do, these concrete examples are noteworthy. 

 But as progress toward the general practice 

 of forestry by private owners, their total 

 amount is altogether insignificant. 



Utilization of HardWoods 



ARTICLE XXXV 

 LIGHT VEHICLES 



In considering the range of utility of 

 hardwoods in ' the manufacture of light 

 vehicles it is well to understand the devel- 

 opment of light vehicles in the carriage 

 trade. What are commonly spoken of as 

 carriages are today of small moment to the 

 manufacturer. The automobile has sup- 

 planted this heavier type of vehicle almost 

 wholly, and that within the past five years. 

 This reduces the manufacture practicality 

 to the making of light vehicles, such as bug- 

 gies, light phaetons, road wagons, light de- 

 livery wagons, both open and closed, stan- 

 hopes and surries. Light vehicles have in- 



cieased in recent years in iiruduction and 

 quality. The elimination to n large extent 

 of heavy carriages has made, to the class 

 unable to buy any grade of automobile, the 

 light veiiicle more of a necessity; hence its 

 greater production. And because of this 

 fact the manufacturer has effected greater 

 economies. 



There have been no changes in the past 

 twenty-five years in the hardwoods used in 

 the manufacture of light vehicles. The 

 styles have, however, undergone a decided 

 change, quite turned around, as it were. 

 l'ri>ni scrollwork of many types light ve- 



hicles are now made with plain, flat sur- 

 faces, which is found to be true also in 

 pretty nearly all kinds of furniture manu- 

 facture. The finish, too, is all paint, there 

 being less trend toward using woods in their 

 natural colors. 



The wagon manufacturer watches the sea- 



(ii'i:n .style light dklivkkv wmjvs. 



soniiig of his timber earefulh'. All limber 

 is air-dried from one to three years, is se- 

 lected with utmost care for freedom from 

 defects of all sorts and for general strength. 

 The kiln drving consumes from one to three 



CLOSKI) TOI' DELI VERY W.\GON. 



weeks, or until the moisture in the wood is 

 all nut. 



The woods used for the bodies of light 

 \ihick's are poplar and Cottonwood. For 



VIEW IX HICKORY PILING SHED, STUDE- 

 HAKER MAXVFACTURIXG COMPAXY. 



ALLEY IX POPLAR YARD, STUDEBAKER 

 MAXIFACTCRIXG COMPAXY. 



