July 18, 1884.] '-"^'^ [Gatschet. 



ent than that of the adulterated oil and was of a lighter color ; also the 

 nitrous fumes rose more rapidly through the pure oil. One curious fact 

 noticed about the adulterated lard oil was, it could not be completely 

 saponified with caustic soda; even when the latter was added in excess a 

 clear layer of unsaponified oil remained after several trials. This test 

 clearly indicated adulteration, as pure lard oil will completely saponify 

 with caustic soda. Prof. Allen has proved that shark liver oil and African 

 fish oil resist saponification. He tried to saponify the former oil with 

 aqueous potash, with a solution of potash in absolute alchohol, and by 

 heating it with solid potash, but it would not completely saponify, this he 

 thinks is due to the fact that it contains a body allied to cholesterin, but 

 fluid at ordinary temperatures. 



Pure lard oil gives with nitric acid of Sp. Gr. 1.33 a yellow color 

 approaching orange. 



The adulterated sample of lard oil with nitric acid of the same strength 

 gave a distinct brown color on standing. That portion of the oil which 

 resisted saponification with caustic soda was treated with nitric acid, and it 

 soon became of a deep cofl'ee brown color, much darker than the above. 



The determination of specific gravity is the most important of the phys- 

 ical tests. The viscosity of an oil is a highly important feature, but in 

 order to be of any value in testing much care must be observed ; both oils 

 must be brought to the same temperature and kept so while flowing. Both 

 the adulterated and the pure lard oil were subjected to this test, they were 

 brought to a temperature of 80° F. and 5 c. c. of each oil was passed 

 through a capillary tube. The pure oil required 960 seconds to pass 

 through, while the adulterated oil required 1080 seconds. The experi- 

 ment was repeated several times with different tubes, but the ratio of the 

 times of flowing was constant. Both oils were subjected to a temperature 

 of 32° F. When the pure oil was frozen it was more coherent and firm 

 and much lighter in color ; the adulterated sample was quite yellow. 

 When the adulterated oil slowly became liquid a layer of yellow oil formed 

 first, which was quite different in appearance from the other portion and 

 was evidently the adulterant. 



While we cannot depend on any single test, the evidence afforded by 

 several is often conclusive and satisfactory, and in this case it was acknowl- 

 edged afterwards that cotton seed oil was one of the adultei-ants. 



THE ARUBA LANGUAGE AND THE PAPIAMENTO JARGON. 



B^ Alb. S. Gatschet, Washington, D. C. 



{Read before the American Philosophical Society, July IS, ISS4.) 



Aruba is the westernmost isle of the group of Islands which extends 

 fioin east to west along the northern coast of South America at a short 

 distance from the mainland. It lies nortlj of tl;e periinsula of Para- 



