Stowell.] 404: [May 21, 



The mesal border of G. gasseri is contiguous with the oculomotorins 

 (iii) upon its venter, and with the trochlears (iv) upon the dorsum. The 

 cephalic border is involved more or less in a dense rete arteriale from A. 

 earotidea externa, and receives filaments from the adjacent plexus sym- 

 pathicns carotideus. 



ECTOCRANIAL RAMI. 



Eetad of the cranium the trigeminus is represented by three nerve- 

 trunks and their respective rami. These trunks may be regarded as off- 

 sets of the Gasserian ganglion ; they leave the cranium by distinct fora- 

 mina. By virtue of distribution, they are named N. mandihularis, N. 

 maxillaris and N. ophthalmicus. (Fig. Man. Mx. Oph.) 



NERVUS MANDIBULARIS. 



Synonymy: N. mandibularis ; Inferior maxillary branch; Mandibular 

 nerve. 



General Characters: This is the lateral ramus of the trigeminus ; it is 

 also the largest and widest in distribution. The motor root (Rx. motoria) 

 is given exclusively to this trunk just pheripherad of the Gasserian gan- 

 glion — hence its varied character and two-fold function. It supplies sen- 

 sory and motor structures and glandular organs. Its rami are distributed 

 to the integument of the ear, the cheek and the chin \ to the vibrissa?, the 

 labial papillae, the teeth and gums of the mandible, the sensory organs 

 upon the dorsum of the tongue ; to the muscles of mastication and to the 

 salivary glands. 



Special Description: N. mandibularis is the lateral offset of the Gas- 

 serian ganglion ; just peripherad of the ganglion it is joined by the motor 

 root (Rx. mtr.) of the trigeminus ; peripherad of this union the motor and 

 the sensory fibres require physiological rather than morphological identi- 

 fication ; its foramen of.exit is the foramen ovale ; peripherad of the cra- 

 nium the trunk divides into six or more rami, which require separate de- 

 scriptions : 



N. temporo-auricularis : Superficial temporal ; temporal cutaneous. 



Origin : This nerve takes its ectal origin at the foramen ovale ; it is the 

 lateral ramus of the nerve-trunk. (Fig. Tmp. aur.) 



Course : It is first directed ventrolaterad, entad of the muscles and the 

 A. earotidea externa ; it lies close to the zygomatic process ; at the ven- 

 trad border of the process it bends dorsad over the process, and lies cau- 

 dad of the A. temporalis externa and entad of the submaxillary and the 

 parotid glands. The general course is toward the cephalic border of the 

 external ear (auris ectalis). Entad of the parotid gland it divides into two 

 principal rami, which, by reason of general direction, are designated ce- 

 phalic and caudal. 



Communicating Rami and Relations : Just caudad of the zygomatic 

 process this trunk gives a small twig to the mandibular articulation ; it 

 sustains relations with the otic ganglion by a slender fascicle which may 



