1880.] 55 / [Brinton. 



of meaning through the addition of particles. As an evidence 

 of the latter, it is enough to cite the fact that Dr. Anchorena in 

 his grammar of the tongue, sets forth nearly six hundred combi- 

 nations of the verb munay, to love ! * 



The Qquichua is fortunate in other respects ; it has some liter- 

 ature of its own, and its structure has been carefully studied by 

 competent scholars. It is possible, therefore, to examine its lo- 

 cutions in a more satisfactory manner than is the case with most 

 American languages. Its most celebrated literary monument is 

 the drama of Ollanta, supposed to have been composed about 

 the time of the conquest. It has been repeatedly edited and 

 translated, most accurately by Pacheco Zegarra.f His text may 

 be considered as the standard of the pure ancient tongue. 



Of Qquichua words for the affections that in widest use is the 

 one above quoted, munay. It is as universal in its application 

 as its English equivalent, being applied to filial and parental love 

 as well as to that of the sexes, to affection between persons of 

 the same sex, and to the love of God. No other word of the 

 class has such a wide significance. It ranges from an expres- 

 sion of the warmest emotion down to that faint announcement 

 of a preference which is conveyed in the English " I should pre- 

 fer."; 



On looking for its earlier and concrete sense we find that 

 munay expressed merely a sense of want, an appetite and the 

 accompanying desire of satisfying it, hence the will, or the wish, 

 not subjectively, but in its objective manifestation. § Therefore 

 it is in origin nearly equivalent to the earliest meaning of 

 " love," as seen in the Sanscrit and the Coptic. 



While munay is thus to love on reasonable grounds and with 

 definite purpose, blind, unreasoning, absorbing passion is ex- 



* Gramdiica Quechua, por Dr. J. D. Anchorena, pp. 1G3-177 (Lima, 187-1). 

 + Ollan'a'i; Drame en vers Quechuas da Temps des Incas. Traduit et comments 

 par Gavino Pacheco Zegarra, (Paris, 1S78). 

 (Thus, from the Ollanta: 



Ollantaytan mvnarccanqui, thou lovest Ollanta! (line 277). 



munacu.sccallay, my well beloved ! (the Inca to his daughter, line, 311). 



munayman, I should prefer (line 1606). 

 Holguin, in his Vocabulario de la Lengua Qquichua, gives: 



Dios munay, the love of God. 



inunaricuy, unchaste love. 

 % Holguin (u. s.) gives the definitions: 



munana, la voluntad que es potentia. 



munay, voluntad, el querer, el gusto, appetlto 6 amor que es acto. 



