1886.] 559 [Brinton. 



What is also noteworthy is the presence in this language of 

 the most philosophical term for friendship in its widest sense 

 that can be quoted from any American language. It is runaccuyay, 

 compounded of ccuyani, mentioned above, and runa, man — the 

 love of mankind. This compound, however, does not occur in 

 the Ollanta drama, and it may have been manufactured by the 

 missionaries. The usual term is maciy, which means merely 

 "associate," or kochomaciy, a table-companion or convive. 



V. The Tupi- Guarani. 



The linguistic stock which has the widest extension in South 

 America is that which is represented in Southern Brazil by the 

 Guarani, and in Central and Northern by the Tupi or Lingoa 

 Geral. The latter is spoken along the Amazon and its tribu- 

 taries for a distance of twenty-five hundred miles. It is by no 

 means identical with the Guarani, but the near relationship of 

 the two is unmistakable. The Guarani presents the simplest 

 and more primitive forms, and may be held to present the more 

 archaic type. 



The word for love in the Guarani is aihu, in another form 

 haihu, the initial h being dropped in composition. This expres- 

 sion is employed for all the varieties of the sentiment, between 

 men, between the sexes, and for that which is regarded as 

 divine.* For "a friend," they have no other term than one 

 which means a visitor or guest ; and from this their expression 

 for " friendship " is derived which really means " hospitality." f 



Verbal combinations in Guarani are usually simple, and I do 

 not think we can be far wrong in looking upon aihu as a union 

 of the two primary words ai and hu. The former, ai 1 means 

 self or the same ; and the latter, hu, is the verb to find, or, to be 

 present.^ " To love," in Guarani, therefore, would mean, "to 

 find oneself in another," or, less metaphysically, " to discover in 



♦Thus: 



Tupa nande raihu, God loves us. 

 Tupa tiande haihu, the love which we have for God. 

 ahaihu, I love her, (him, it). 

 \yecotiaha, friend ; compounded of coti, a dwelling, and aha. to go,=a goer to a 

 dwelling, a visitor. This, and the other Guarani words given, are taken from 

 Ruiz de Montoya's Tesoro de la Lengua Guarani (ed. Vienna, 1876). 



J Another possible derivation would be from ahii, desire, appetite (Spanish, 

 gana) ; and hu, in the sense of being present. This would express a longing t a 

 lust, like love (see above). 



