76 HAUPT — METHODS OF IMPROVING OCEAN BARS. [May 3, 



(d) It makes no provision against the channel being driven too 

 close to the breakwater for the safety of itself or shipping, by sand 

 coming from the opposite direction or by the current being 

 directed against the jetty in accord with the theory. 



That these opinions are hypercritical will be seen from their con- 

 tradictory character, for in (a) it is said there is no provision to 

 hold the current against the breakwater, while in (d) it is said that 

 the channel may be driven too close by sand from the opposite 

 direction. In (d) the objection is made that should an increase of 

 depth result, such increase would involve an undue amount of 

 dredging ; or in short, although the currents scour out a natural 

 channel, defended from the resultant sand movements by the break- 

 water, there would still remain a larger than before volume to be 

 removed by dredging, (c) The result of any deepening might 

 extend the bar seaward and the breakwater could not be extended. 



Any material carried to the outer slope would be ejected in 

 deeper water where the littoral current and wave action at head of 

 breakwater would prevent its deposition, as the incomplete results 

 have shown, and, if necessary, a considerable extension of the 

 works seaward is quite possible without injury to navigation. The 

 facts, however, at Aransas, as previously stated, are so confirmatory 

 of the theory that they have been recognized by impartial juries at 

 the Paris Exposition and the National Export Exposition as worthy 

 of their highest awards, while the American Philosophical Society 

 and the Franklin Institute, after thorough and extended investiga- 

 tions, have also granted their highest honors to the inventor. 



In view of these findings of experts, it is somewhat confusing to 

 read further in the official report of the officer in charge of the 

 work at Brunswick : 



" The only apparent example of such construction that has been 

 tried is at Aransas Pass, and that is no test of the theory at all, as 

 the breakwater is not located according to the theory, and the 

 beneficial results produced are not the result of the reaction break- 

 water as such but by incomplete twin jetties." If such be the case, 

 then the maritime engineers and societies who have recognized the 

 merits and results of the incomplete work at this place must have 

 stultified themselves, and it remains for the author of the report to 

 cite a single instance where similar results have been secured by 

 " incomplete (or even complete) twin jetties" in the same time or 

 for the same cost. 



