1891.] U [Lesley. 



might confidently expect rnany Egyptian words and names in Greece. Of 

 these I will only allude to laachos (anch), son of Oceanus and Tethys, 

 who founded the Kingdom of Argos ; and the sacred rivers Inachos, one 

 in Argolis, the other flowins from Mount Pindus. 



But to return to proper names in Hebrew ; perhaps the most interesting 

 of them all, in an etymological way, is that of Enos, the legendary grand- 

 son of Adam, in the second account of the creation in the fifth chapter of 

 Genesis, the chapter which contains the name of Enoch. The word Enos 

 is written, whether rightly or wrongly, {yi^fc^, and pointed so as to be 

 pronounced anosh. The same word, written and pointed in the same 

 way, occurs in the 55th Psalm and Job v, IT, with the meaning a man, 

 but usually appears in the Hebrew books with a collective meaning as 

 mankind. It occurs in Son of Man, Ps. cxliv, 3. Isaiah viii, 1 is directed 

 to write with a man's stylus, that is, in the vulgar or common or demotic 

 scrip, so that everybody could comprehend. Like Adam (man) it had no 

 plural. But in later days, as when the Book of Daniel was written, the 

 third letter had been dropped and the word became ansh, or emphatically 

 anxha, meaning man, mankind, man as man ; and this gave the common 

 plural anshim, men. It repeatedly occurs in this book in the phrase " Son 

 of man." A still further contraction of it gave the popular form AISA, 

 u'*N' man, with its feminine aislie, woman (as the Greek £>-, one, was 

 contracted into £eg, with a closer connection between the two languages 

 than Gesenius here suspected). 



In the pronunciation of words we must keep in mind that until the age 

 of printing spelling has always been optional, and pronunciation local. 

 Words passed from ear to ear, not from eye to eye. The same word was 

 pronounced gutturally or dentally or lingually by different races and 

 individuals, and written accordingly. Words were clipped, and written 

 accordingly. Every Egyptian, Hebrew or Greek scholar knows this. 

 Whether the Anch was spelled with an aleph, heth or ayen, it remained 

 the same word. In one part of Egypt it was pronounced an/, in another 

 part ansh; just as the East Germans say ich, the North Germans ifc, and the 

 West Germans ish, for the English I, which the Greeks and Romans pro- 

 nounced eg-o, the Hebrews anoki, the old Egyptians nuk, and the Copts 

 anuk. By reference to Admiral McCauley's Dictionary, published in our 

 Transactions in 1882, you will see at the top of the first column, on page 

 22, ' ' Any, life ;" followed by " Ansh, to exist, to subsist." Other proofs 

 it is unnecessary to adduce to show the practical identity of the Egyptian 

 ■An/, life, and the Hebrew Anosh, Ish, man, Enos. 



As to the genetic connection of An'/ and the Hebrew Anoki, 1, the first 

 personal pronoun, I would approach the subject with all possible caution. 

 It is a fact that the pronoun was written Ani, without the k, especially in 

 what Gesenius calls the " silver age of the Hebrew," Eccles. ii, 1. 11, 12, 

 15. 18,20 ; Hi, 17; iv, 1,2, 4, 7 ; vii, 25. In Gen. xv, 7, and xxiv, 24, it 

 stands alone (including the substantive verb) for lam. Schwartze, in his 

 " Coptic Grammar," pp. 340, etc., seems to quite settle the fact that the final 



