Claypole.] 672 [April 6, 



in New York, yet the Kiugsmill sandstone contain a rich fauna, the names 

 of which will form, when worked out, a long list. 



In addition to what has been said above concerning the fossils of the 

 Panama conglomerate, the following notes are worthy of a little space. 



Prof. A. Winchell in a paper printed in the Proceedings of the Acad, of 

 Nat. Sciences, 1865, says, when speaking of the fossils of the Marshall 

 Group of Michigan : 



"Perhaps the most interesting feature of all is the identification of four 

 Western species with fossils contained in the supposed Carboniferous coa- 

 glomerate of Western New York. These are : 



Euomphalus depressus Hall = Straparollus Ammon White. 

 Cyprkardia contracta Hall = Edmondia bicarinata Win. 



= SanguinoUtes rigidus Win. 



= Cypricardia rigida White and Whitf. 

 Edmondia (Bquimarginalis Win . 

 Allorisma Hannibalensis Shum, 



"Further than this, two of the above species — E. cBquimwrginalis a.nd.- 

 Allorisma Hannibalensis — occur in what has been regarded as another con- 

 glomerate whose position is beneath the first, and at the top of the Che 

 mung rocks of Western New York." 



In regard to this last remark, Mr. Ashburner in Report III, pp. 70-79, 

 says that the Panama conglomerate is the lowest sandstone in the N. 

 W. of Pennsylvania and S. W. of New York. He says that an oil well 

 sunk close to the base of the Panama rock passed through 1200 feet of soft 

 shale and slate, and that other wells in the region gave similar sections. 

 He says that, granting all the conglomerates cropping out and forming 

 rock-cities along the State line hills to be distinct beds, they lie thus : 



1. Olean (Garland = Sharon = Ohio). 



2. Sub-Olean, Sub-Garland, Shenango. 



3. Tunangwant. 



4. Salamanca. 



5. Panama. 



On his view, therefore, there is no older conglomerate than the Panama 

 in the region. 



Prof. Winchell argues that because these four species occur in the Mar- 

 shall Group in Michigan, and in the Panama (or its equivalent) conglom- 

 erates of New York, therefore the Marshall Group is more or less the 

 equivalent of these conglomerates which he assumes to be of Lower Carbo- 

 niferous age as stated in the Geology of New York. Consequently, he in- 

 fers that the Marshall grits and conglomerates of Michigan are of Lower 

 Carboniferous age. The evidence given above, shows that one of the spe- 

 cies of the Panama conglomerate is not Lower Carboniferous, but belongs 

 at the base of the Catskill. The other species may be found in the same 

 horizon. The inference from this datum, somewhat slender it is true, is 



