1903.] JASTROW — THE HAMITE3 AND SEMITES. 197 



represents a later gloss, incorporated however with J and not belong- 

 ing lo P, is furnished by the gentilic form (Jebusite, Amorite, etc.) 

 given to the nine Canaantish subdivisions/ The subdivisions 

 themselves further emphasize and illustrate the point of view from 

 which the Canaanites are regarded in J. Of the nine subdivisions, 

 four (Jebusite, Amorite, Girgasite, Hivite) belong to the seven 

 nations of Palestine, with whom marriage is forbidden in the Pen- 

 tateuchal codes, ^ and with whom no alliance of any kind is to be 

 made ; and since it is likely that the Hamathites, referred to in 

 Gen. lo, i8, stand for the Hittites of Deuteronomy 7, 2, we would 

 have five of the ordinary seven subdivisions of Canaanites enume- 

 rated in this addition to J. The author of this addition, well 

 acquainted with the various Canaanitish settlements in Palestine, 

 introduces these five because of his special interest in that part of 

 Palestine with which Hebrew history is especially concerned, and 

 which was promised to them by Jahweh as their future possession 

 (cf. Gen. 15, 18-20). In adding the Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites and 

 Zemarites, which play a less conspicuous part in Hebrew history, 

 he reveals his learning and scholastic interest, whereas on the other 

 hand verse 15, which reads 



" And Canaan begat Sidon his first born and Heth," 



reveals the original force attached to Canaan as embracing the 

 Phoenicians as well as those settled in the interior. The style of 

 this verse shows that it belongs to the original J document, though 

 there are reasons for believing that the verse has not been preserved 

 in its original form. If Sidon is mentioned as ^' the first born " 

 we would expect other sons to have been included in the genealogy ; 

 and, again, the words ** and Heth " impress one as a later addition 

 of the same nature as the additions at the end of verse 14^ and 

 elsewhere. The suspicion is, therefore, raised that '^ Heth " has 

 been attached to Canaan from the same motive of nationalistic senti- 



1 Jebusite, Amorite, Girgasite, Hivite, Arkite, Sinite, Arvadite, Zemarite, 

 Hamathite. The traditions in regard to the forms of these names seem to be 

 pretty definitely established, except in the case of Sinite, for which the Greek 

 version has Hasennite and the Aramaic {Targum Onkelos, ed, Berliner, Berlin, 

 1884) Antusite. 



2 See e.g.^ Ex. 34, 11-16; Deut. 7, 1-3. Cf. also Gen. 28, i-S— a narrative 

 that well reflects the bitterness of the feeling toward the Canaanites. 



3 See above, pp. 179, 188, 196. 



