]904.] 



KRAEMER — NATURE OF COLOR IN PLANTS. 



261 



seven times with So per cent, alcohol, which removes mannit and 

 hydro-carotin ; the coagulum is then extracted with hot carbon 

 disulphide, which removes the carotin. This solution is evaporated 

 to about half the original volume, an equal amount of absolute 

 alcohol added, and set aside to crystallize, the carotin separating. 



One of the striking observations made during this investigation 

 was that in the case of the cell-sap colors the solution was different 

 in color, as compared to the natural color, or sometimes almost 

 colorless, reagents, however, striking colors as intense or even 

 more intense than the original colors. 



For the convenience of those who may wish to follow similar 

 studies, the plants which I examined may be grouped according to 

 the solvents which I found best adapted for the extraction of the 

 coloring substances. There is also given the part of the plant 

 employed and the color of the solutions I obtained. 



Color Principles Extracted with Alcohol. 



Name of Plant. 



Part Used. 



Color of Solution. 



Apple (Baldwin) (Pyrus Mains) . . . . 

 Apple (Bellefleur) (P2/rMs3fa^us) . . . . 

 Arbutus [Epigoea repens) ... 



Azalea (Azalea nudiflora) 



Beet {Beta vulgaris) 



Blackberry (Rubus Canadensis) 



Buttercup {Ranunculus acris) 



Cabbage, red {Brassica oleracea) . . . . 

 Capsicum {Capsicum fastigiatum) . . . 

 Carnation, red (Dianthus Caryophyllus) 



Carrot {Daucus Carota) 



Celery {Apium graveolens) 



Epicarp 



Epicarp 



Petals 



Petals 



Leaves 



Stems 



Petals 



Leaves 



Dried fruit 



Petals 



Root 



Etiolated leaves 



Fronds 



13. Chondrus {Chondrus crispus) 



14. Cinquefoil {Potentilla Canadensis) . . . Petals 



15. Cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpus) . . . Fruit 



16. Daffodil {Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus) . .Petals 



17. Dandelion {Taraxacum officinale) .... j Petals 



18. DoG\ {Rumex crispus) , Spring leaves 



19. Dogwood {Ccrrnus Florida) Fruit 



20. Dnlce (Rhodymeniapalmata) Fronds 



21. Elder {Samhucus Canadensis) 



22. Fucus {Fucus vesiculosus) . . ■ 



23. Hepatica (Hepatica triloba) . 



Spring leaves 



Fronds 



Petals 



23a. Hepatica {Hepatica triloba) Involucre 



24. Iris {Iris versicolor) [Petals 



25. Jack-in-the-pulpit (Ariscema triphyllum) Sl^SiXhe 



26. Japanese quince {Cydonia Japonica) . . Petals 

 26a. Lemon peel Epicarp 



27. Mallow {Malva sylvestris) Petals 



28. Maple lAcerrubrum) Flowers 



29. Marigold {Calendula officinalis) 



30. Oak, red {Quercus coccinea'') . 

 30a. Orange peel ... .... 



31. Fansy, hlue {Viola tricolor) . . 



Petals 



Spring leaves 

 Epicarp 

 Petals 



'Light yellowish -red 



I Pale yellow 



Pale straw 



jPale straw 



Deep green 



Reddish-brown 



Deep yellow 



Purplish-red 



Yellowish-red 



Deep red 



Deep reddish-yellow 



[Bright greenish-yel- 

 low 



Light yell o wish- 

 green 



Greenish -yellow 



Deep red 



Deep yellow 



Lemon-yellow 



Reddisli-brown 



Brownish-yellow 



Light yellowish- 



I green 



] Reddish-brown 



IGreenish-browu 



L e m o n -yellow o r 

 greenish-yellow 



Purplish-red 



Violet 



Purplish -red 



Bright purplish -red 



Yellow 



Violet 



Yellowish or brown- 

 ish-red 



Deep yellow 



Reddish-brown 



Orange-yellow 



Purplish-red 



