392 



GOODWIN ELECTROLYTIC CALCIUM. 



[Nov. 4, 



vise, and to a hand-vise clamped on the lower end a 50-lb. weight 

 and empty bucket were freely hung. Sand was poured into the 

 bucket and the specimen broke with a total load of 83.5 lbs., show- 

 ing a tensile strength of 8,710 lbs. per sq. in. or 612 kg. per sq. cm. 

 The elongations in the middle 



1 cm. = 23. % 



2 *' = 15. 



3 " =11. 



5 " = 6.6 



The following table shows the comparative strength of some 

 metals : 



Calcium is harder than sodium, lead or tin, almost as hard as 

 aluminium, but softer than zinc, cadmium or magnesium. 



The activity with which strontium and barium recombine with their 

 chlorides makes them more difficult to produce. Their production 

 was not tried in the furnace just described. There are many inter- 

 esting things to be learned about the alkaline earth metals — their 

 isolation, purification and action on gases, solutions, organic com- 

 pounds, salts, oxides and metals. The question of alloys is a 

 broad one ; some might be found of special value because of their 

 electrical conductivity, strength or extreme lightness, calcium being 

 only \ as heavy as the light metal aluminium. The manufacture of 

 cyanide and peroxide were uses found for metallic sodium, and in 

 like manner uses will be found for calcium. It should be of use in 

 the steel industry and for reduction purposes. 



University of Pennsylvania. 



