1S92.I ^^ [Briuton. 



Numerals. 



The ancient cardinal and ordinal numbers of the Jivaros were as 

 follows : 



1, ala. 



2, catu. 



3, cala. 



4, encatu. 



5, alacbtegladic {ala, one ; btegla, hand ; du, termination). 



6, intimutu (the thumb, of the second hand). 



7, tannituna (the index finger, of the second hand). 



8, tannituna cabiasit (=rthe finger next the index). 



9, Mtin btegla cabiasu. 



10, catbgladu {= two hands). 



This cumbrous plan has long been superseded by the adoption 

 from the Kechua of the names of numbers above five, so that the 

 present numeration is : 



1, ala. 5, alacbtegladu. 9, isTcon. 



2, catu. 6, sokta. 10, chunka. 



3, cala. 7, gancMs. 100, pazai. 



4, encatu. 8, pttsac. 



Particles. 



A marked feature of this tongue, which it shares with so many 

 others on the American Continent, is the abounding use of particles 

 to modify the meaning of roots and themes. Whether these are to 

 be regarded as themselves the remnants of worn-down themes, or 

 as primitive phonetic elements, is a yet unsettled question, though 

 for myself I incline to the latter opinion. The MS. I am quoting 

 gives a long list of such significant particles, the most important of 

 which are as follows : 



a or 7ia indicates causative action on another ; as uranlec, I eat ; auranlec, 



I cause another to eat. 

 apa or pa denotes present action, as nambilec, I live ; narribiapalec, I am 



now living. 

 ata or anda is a suffix denoting an interrogation. 

 cun, as an infix, denotes action about to talie place. 

 ilala, as an infix, signifies that the action is of a permanent character. 

 imbo, as an infix, conveys a negative sense, and is often employed with 



the regular negative, cola. 



