riiKSIlJEXT's ADDRESS. 31 



7nncronata, Euclca Fueudcbcnus, Comhretum erytJirophyllum, 

 Acacia karroo, A. Giraffae, Rhus viminalis, Royena pallens, 

 Tamarix articulata, and 'Sicotiana glauca, while Phragmites 

 co'inynunis is cornmon. 



On the rocky slopes in the river valley, the Kokerboom (Aloe 

 dichotonia), the Gift-boom (Euphorbia virosa) and the peculiar 

 Pachy podium namaquanum occur. 



In the gentle valleys leading to the river the Aggennys 

 Euphorbia is dominant, ar.d the Kraalbos (Galenia ajricana) is 

 very plentiful. 



Along the dry river beds and valleys in the interior the vege- 

 tation is composed mainly of the Camel Thorn (Acacia giraffae), 

 the Sweet Thorn {Acacia A'orroo), the Black Ebony (Euclea pseu- 

 debenus), the Oliepitten (Pappea capensis), the Nonnie Bosch 

 (Boscia foetida), the Haakdoorn (Acacia detinens), the Tamarisk 

 (Tamarix articulata), Zygophyllum prismatocarputn, Z. simplex, 

 Z. viicrocarpum, Z. cylindrifolium, Lycium namaqucnse, Galenia 

 africana, and Salsola aphylla. 



Physiographers usually regard Bushmanland and the Kalahari 

 as one region. 



Bushmanland is one of the most arid parts of the inland 

 plateau, its annual rainfall is less than 5 inches, part of which 

 falls during the winter months, whereas the annual rainfall on 

 the Kalahari varies from 10 to 20 ins., most of which falls during 

 the summer months. In consequence there is a considerable 

 difference in the general aspect of the vegetation found in these 

 two areas, and for this reason they may well be treated separately. 



Bushmanland is bounded on the west by the southern 

 ■extension of the Namaqualand Highlands, which includes the 

 Kameesberg and the mountains of Little Namaqualand, on the 

 north by the valley of the Orange River, on the east by the Kaap 

 Plateau and Kaap Valley, and on the south by the Upper Region. 



It is essentially a country of sandy plains, undulating and 

 featureless. 



In the central jjorticni there are numerous salt-water pans, 

 while isolated rocky hills of the " Inselberg " type occur here and 

 there. The average height of the country varies from 2,000 to 

 3,500 ft., towards the north the surface slopes fairly uniformly 

 towards the Orange River. The vegetation throughout is sparse 

 and scanty, and consists mainly of shrubs and shrublets which do 

 not exceed 3 ft. in height. 



After rain the Toa grass and Bushman grass are plentiful. 



The dominant shrub on the red sandy plains is the Driedoorn 

 (Rhigoznm trichotomnm); with this are associated stunted bushes 

 of Parkinsonia africana, Hermannia pulchella, Hcrmnnnia 

 grandiflora, Cataphractes Alexandri, Boscia foetida, Cadaba 

 juncea, Zygophyllum spp., and Baiihinia garipensis. 



Common succulents on the rocky outcrops, are Aloe 

 dichotorna ; and Sarcocaulon B^trmanni and Hoodia Gordoni on 

 the sandy plains. 



The chief grasses are Aristida adsccnsionis Linn., ^4. vestita, 

 Thunb., .4. ciliata, A. namnqucvsis, A. obtusa Del., Erngrostis 

 ^piiwsa Trin., and Enneapogon scabcr, Lehm. 



