PALAEOLITHIC IMPLEMKNTS. 231 



Mr. Laidley, wlio collected them in the Miiachine (or Macheni) 

 stream on the Hambagahle Farm. This is a very prolific 

 locality, but, since the majority of streams in this neiohbour- 

 liood are implementiferoiis, it is not probable that all Mr. 

 Kenny's specimens came from this spot. 



Practicallj^ all the imijlements that I have collected were 

 found in banks of sand and stones between bars in the rocky 

 bottoms of streams, and not l)i ,'^ltu in alluvial g'ravels, but 

 in some instances there was considerable evidence indicating 

 the alluvial bed from which they were derived, and it was 

 noticed that a stony alluvium overlain by black vlei soil was 

 present wherever implements were to be found. Special 

 features characterise the implements of certain localities, but 

 at other localities a great variety of types was found. 



The localities to be described are the following spruits : 

 Powola, Queen's Mine Spruit, and Imbusine, which are 

 tributaries of the Bembesi, Muachine and Kenyani, which 

 How by way of the Xoce into the TTmguza, and the Umguza 

 itself. The most primitive types are yielded by the first 

 two localities. 



The Powola rises on the basalt scarp near the Bulawayo- 

 Queen's Mine road, and flows north-westward through a line 

 of vleis Avhich mark the edge of the Forest sandstone as far 

 as the prominent kopje Ilitche, where it bends noi'thward to 

 join the Bembesi five miles further. It is on the Farm 

 Portive, one mile below Ilitche, that the implements are most 

 frequent. They are found over a stretch of about a mile, 

 and are not by any means all of one type. One form, however, 

 which I have not found at any other locality, is fairly common. 

 It has an attenuated point, usually with a medium ridge on 

 one side surface. The massive butt end is roughly shaped 

 to be grasped in the palm of the hand and has no sharpened 

 edge. This type is comparable with the Chellean. Used 

 with a downward blow at close qiuirters this must have been 

 a formidable weapon. A variety of other types of implement, 

 including " limandes " similar to those of the Imbusine 

 described later, are found in this stretch. 



The favourite material for the manufacture of imple- 

 ments in this neighbourhood is a fine-textured felsitic breccia, 

 which breaks with a clean flinty fracture. This rock outcrops 

 about one and a half miles to the east. 



The banks of this spruit, six or eight feet high, are 

 composed of black vlei soil, at the base of which is an 

 inconstant bed, sometimes as much as four feet thick, com- 

 posed of subangular fragments in a muddy or sandy matrix. 

 I have found roughly-worked implements in this bed, but no 

 good specimen in situ. There is little reason to doubt, 

 however, that all the specimens came from it, since I was 

 able to find comparatively unworn implements on the same 

 banks in the river bed this year as last. 



For want of a better name, the term Queen's Mine Spruit, 

 is applied to a stream which rises on Induna Farm and flows 



