232 PALAEOLITHIC IMrLKMKXTS. 



between the two sliafts of the Queen's Mine to join the 

 Bembesi three miles behjw the Lonely Eoad. Althono-li 

 I have mapped the whole length of this stream up to the 

 Queen's Mine, I obsem-ed implements only at the drift 

 a quarter of a mile from the Bembesi. At this point 

 five implements of somewhat crude workmanship, but similar 

 in form, were found. The implements are composed of a 

 somewhat intractable g-reenstone, and are pointed and some- 

 what sharpened at the back, with a tendency to a zigzag' ridg-e 

 on either side. A bed of stony alluvium occurs in the left 

 bank of the stream near the point where the implements were 

 found. Yleis occur along the greater part of its length. 



The Muachine rises in the Ilibene liills on Mayo Farm 

 and flows over a spur of Forest sandstone on to the schists. 

 Implement < are fairly common at a point about a mile above 

 the Lonely Eoad drift, and again at a point about a mile further 

 up stream, where the basal portion of the sandstone is the 

 bed rock. Near both these points vlei soil with stony alluvium 

 at its base occurs. The implements are rather various, but 

 mostly of both Chellean and Aclieulian types. A rather 

 comuion type is the " cleaver," which has been supposed to 

 be a distinct form. This implement bears a superficial 

 resemblance to an early Bronze Age celt and is carefully 

 worked, with its greatest length i)eri)endi(ular to a sharp 

 edg-e. The lateral edges are trimmed by flaking on both sides, 

 but the " cleaver " edge is untrimmed, and formed by the 

 intersection of the fracture which detached the fragment from 

 which the specimen was made from the parent rock and the 

 original surface of the rock itself. The cleavers often appear 

 to be well finished, but Dr. Peringuey's contention, that the 

 form is a stage in the process of manufacture of the limande 

 and not a finished product, is very likely true. The study of 

 a large number of specimens has led me to the conclusion that 

 it was the maker's intention in every case to complete the 

 flaking all the way round. 



The implements of the Muachine are all made of local 

 rocks, the most favoured of which is a somewhat carbonated 

 porphyrite in which the pseudomorphs, after the felspar 

 phenocysts weather out on exposure, leave cavities. Imple- 

 ments made of chalcedony or Karroo sandstone are occasionally 

 found. 



Very similar implements occur, but less plentifully, in 

 the Kciiyani, a stream which joins the right bank of the 

 Xoce three miles above the Muachine. 



The Xoce River itself flows in a rocky bed with a fairly 

 steep gradient, and usually without alluvial banks and 

 without vleis. A few worn implements have been found, but 

 they appear to be very rare, and may have been brought down 

 by tributary streams. 



Li the TJmguza River implements are fairly common in 

 a stretch of some twelve miles of this river above the con- 

 fluence of the Xoce, particularly on the Farms Helenvale 



