rALAEOLITIIIC I.Ml'I.EMKXTS. 233 



and ])ovenby. The river at this point is flanked by g-reat 

 banks of alluvium (described by the Avriter, " Transactions, 

 Geological Society of South Africa," vol. xix, pp. 29-30, 

 1916), which was obsei-ved at one place to be eighty feet 

 thick. No implements were found in place in this alluvium, 

 in spite of their frequency along- the bed of the river, but at 

 one point I found an implement underlying and partly 

 imbedded in a fall of alluvium and black vlei soil in such a 

 way as to suggest that it had come from one of these. Black 

 vlei soil was frequently obsei"ved at the top of the cliffs of 

 alluvium . 



The implements are largely of Acheiilian ty])e, sharj)ene(l 

 as carefully at the butt end as at the point. They are 

 frequently so large and clumsy that, when one is gripped 

 in a man's hand of ordinarv' size, the tips of the fingers and 

 the base of the palm do not reach to the thickest part of 

 the implement, rendering it impossible for the holder to obtain 

 a really effective grip if the instrument is to be used as a 

 knife or for digging. The ungainliness of many of these 

 implements is due to the nature of the material of which 

 they are made. This is commonly silcrete, the surface portion 

 of which does not fracture clearly, and is sometimes left on 

 both sides. 



The Imbusine Spruit is perhaps the most interesting* 

 locality of all. Within about fifty yards of the reef of the 

 old Imbusine Mine, as usual in the bed of a spruit which is 

 flowing with water pumped from a neighbouring mine, 

 vertical schists rise in bars just above the level of the water, 

 the banks being formed of black vlei with the usual gravelly 

 base resting on the schists. At one point implements were 

 found in profusion between two bars just beneath the water, 

 about a dozen lying in the space of a square yard. 



There were five cleavers of the same form as those up 

 the Muacliine, showing different degrees of completion. None 

 of them is finished when compared with the best of the 

 limandes, and in none has the square edge been trimmed. 

 The association lends support to Dr. Peringiiey's contention 

 mentioned previously. 



Of the three pointed implements, only one was finished 

 with any skill. 



The majority of these implements are made of a quartz 

 porphyry, which outcrops about one and a half miles up 

 stream. The natural rounded surface of the rocks has been 

 utilised to a great extent in the manufacture of the 

 implements. The whole side of one of the smaller limandes, 

 which cannot be regarded as unfinished, is made up of the 

 natural surface of a boulder. 



The interesting feature about this locality is the 

 large proportion of implements of one jiarticular type. Of 

 twenty-eight implements collected, only three are pointed, 

 fifteen are well-made Acheulian limandes, five are cleavers, 

 and the rest are limandes badlv made or unfinished. 



