306 AIJORKilXES OF EASTERN PKOVIXCE. 



Dutcli settlers in Tan Eiebeek's time to a very small tribe 

 of destitute people who were otherwise known as the 

 Goring'haikona* Hottentots. They do not seem to have been 

 reg'arded as racially distinct from the pastoral tribes of the 

 same neighbourhood, and their lang-uag-e was Hottentot 

 (W. Hammond Tooke). 



In the Eastern Province the coastal shell mounds niay 

 have received contributions from Kaffir tribes, for the Kaffirs 

 occupied our coast during- the latter decades of the eighteentli 

 century, but the implements and pottery of the shell-mounds 

 afford definite evidence of cultural relationship with the strand- 

 loopers of the Western Province, whose arts have been made 

 known mainly through the writings of Dr. L. Peringuey (see 

 his " Stone Ages of South Africa "). Pottery of the same 

 superior type as that designated strandlooper by Dr. Peringuey 

 has been found quite near to the shell-mounds of the Port 

 Alfred neighbourhood. I refer specially to the larg-e wide- 

 mouthed vessels of ovoid-conical shape, tapering to a pointed 

 base. Similar pots have been found also at inland localities : 

 one such pot was recorded by Dr. Peringuey from the Zuur- 

 berg, and I have lately seen broken pieces of pottery, clearly 

 of strandlooper technique, found along with calcined mussel 

 shells by the Bev. P. Stapieton, S.J., at Dunbrody, near the 

 Sundays River, under circumstances pointing- to great 

 antiquity (vide South African Journal of Science, 1919, 

 ]). 230). Perfectly typical strandlooper pottery is also known 

 to me from rock-shelters at Grahamstown and Alicedale. 

 Strandlooper artefacts therefore were not confined to the coast. 



The stone implements of the coastal shell-mounds are of 

 various types, principally simple flakes, but including an 

 occasional scraper with secondary chipping similar to those 

 which occur in the inland rock-shelters. For instance, we have 

 specimens of the same peculiar type — an elong-ated burin of 

 Aurignacian facies from a shell-mound at Kleinemond, near 

 Port Alfred, and from a locality near Britstown. 



Amongst the various types of implements found on coastal 

 sites there is perhaps only one which has not yet been found 

 at inland localities. The technique has long been known from 

 some finely trimmed lance-heads found on the Cape Flats, and, 

 according to Geo. Leitli (" Journal of Anthropological Insti- 

 tute," N.S., vol. i, p. 258 et seq., 1899) " some very beautifully 



* " Among tlie ugly Hottentot race there is yet anothei- sort called 

 the Goringhaikonas. Harry was the cliief, or captain, of these; we 

 have them daily in our sight and about our ears, Avithin and AA-ithout 

 the fort; they possess no cattle, and live by fishing from the rocks. 

 A few years since they AA-ere only 30 in number, noAA- they consist of 

 70 or 80, including AA'onien and children, having been joined by similar 

 rabble from the interior. By night they live in little hovels in th^ 

 .sand-hills; by day they may be seen, sluggards as they are, assisting 

 the burghers in scouring, Avashing, cutting Avood, fetching Avater and 

 herding sheep, etc. Others of the lazy creAv avIio Avill not AA'ork at all 

 li\'e by begging, or seek their subsistence by stealing and robbing 

 on the common highwavs.— From " Mr. AVagenaar's Memorandum," 

 A.D. 1666. 



