ABORIGIXES OF EASTERN rKOVINCE. -iOO 



Hykoii, liad miR-h greater authority than any of the captains 

 about the Cape, and their wealtli in stock ^A'as considerable, so 

 that Schryver returned to the Colony with more than 500 head 

 of cattle and many sheep received in exchange for the usual 

 trading commodities. Their captain was reported to be " taller 

 and larg-er than any of our servants; they are in general larger 

 in body than the Cape Hottentots, well i)roi)ortioned, active 

 and strong', though in countenance and beard they resemble the 

 Cape Hottentots." lietween them and the Kaffirs was another 

 Hottentot tribe, the Damaqua, populous, rich in cattle, and 

 dwelling in houses made of tday : they Mere coastal people, who 

 obtained copper and iron beads from shipwrecked vessels. 

 South of the Inqua, also on the sea coast, were other tribes 

 well provided with cattle : the GanuniC{ua, Namunqua and 

 (jonuqua, from whom the Inqua obtained dakka. The Kaffirs 

 were then five days' journey from the Inqua, in a direction to 

 the east-south-east ; they lived in houses of clay, and possessed 

 much cattle. 



Thus the Inqua were not in actual conflict with the Kaffirs, 

 but were constantly at war with their neighbours, the Bushmen. 

 Towards the noith they obtained copper from other tribes, 

 recorded as the Gly, Bry and Bly, Avho were probably Griqua 

 and Bechuana. 



Thus it seems clear that Hottentot tribes with their flocks 

 and herds penetrated far into the interior of the country, along 

 the river valleys of the Karroo. How far they ranged along 

 the eastern coast we do not know. Theal suggests that in the 

 year 1500 they were at the TTmtamvuna River. Various 

 writers have inferred Hottentot occupation in the more eastern 

 parts of the Cape from the prevalence of characteristic place- 

 names, such as Gonubie or Nahoon, but, according to Stow, 

 such names are actually of Bushman origin. On this point 

 I am not competent to express an opinion. In the most recent 

 paper on aboriginal place- names (South African Journal of 

 Science, 1918), the Eev. J. E. L. Kingon does not attenn)t 

 to discriminate between Hottentot and Bushman words. He 

 tells us that " many names containing Hottentot-Bushman 

 sounds are found as far east as the Umzimvubu and its tributary 

 tlie Tina, and comparatively few beyond." 



However, it is certain that in the early part of the 

 eighteenth century the Hottentot country extended at least as 

 far as the Kei River, for Kaffir tradition tells of bloody battles 

 on that river between Hottentots and the vanguard of the Baaiu 

 tribes (circa 1740 A.D.), and of the famous Hottentot chief- 

 tainess, called Hoho, who reigned in the Pirie forest. Shortly 

 afterwards, when Ensign Butler (1752) made his expedition 

 into the Eastern Province, the Keiskama had become the 

 boundary between Bantu and Hottentot tribes. The eastern 

 Hottentots were then reported to be in great poverty owing to 

 Bushman depredations and Kaffir wars. This explorer found 

 the Damaqua between the Gamtoos and Zwartkops Rivers, and 

 adjoining them, from the Bushman's River almost up to the 

 Keiskamma, was another Hottentot tribe, the Hamasonqua, 



