840 HOTTENTOT TIACE-XAMES. 



Languages," p. 21, 1862) spells the Hottentot word for a goat, 

 piriy, while Kronlein does not appear to recognise the p at 

 all in Namaqualand-Hottentot, and spells it herih. 



E . — Why has the e of heris disappeared from the place- 

 name:' This is to be explained by the fact that the e in this 

 word is, as it is marked by Kronlein, very short, indeed it is 

 only a half- vowel — " wie die hebraischeu Scliewa." 



R. — Of this letter in the place-name Kingon asks : 

 " What is the English r doing there? " It is not the Englisli 

 r, but the Hottentot 7*, which does not represent a guttural 

 sound as in Kaffir, but as Kronlein says : " ist mit der Zungen- 

 spitze zu spreclien." Kingon (p. 761) assumes that the Dutch 

 // is the equivalent of the Hottentot r, a mistake which runs 

 through the whole of his " H.-B." section and vitiates much 

 of his argument. 



IE. — The diphtJiong ie represents the long sound of the i 

 in heris, which is like that of the double ee in sheep. 



S. — In the Hottentot language the suffix s indicates the 

 feminine, as the suffix h indicates the masculine gender: e.g., 

 aos, woman; aoh, man; Igoas, daughter; Igoah, son; heris, 

 she-goat ; herih, he-g*oat. 



A'.-l.- — ^The k here instead of the g {ga, to be dead, to be 

 lost) is explained by the fact that the Hottentot g approximates 

 more in sound to the English k tlian the Engdish g — " g ist 

 hart, fast wie k auszusprechen " (Kronlein). This accounts 

 for the apparently indiscriminating' use of these letters by 

 Europeans in writing Hottentot place-names in which this 

 sound occurs. It is of no little interest here to note that the 

 Hottentot word herih occurs in the name applied by the 

 Hottentots to the liacliapins. Burchell says that the Bachapins 

 were " called /i/'/quas, or Goat-men, in the Hottentot lan- 

 guage " (I., p. 364; II., p. 303). 



Kingon asks further: " If Gamka is abounding in lions, 

 why is not Prieska abounding in goats? " The answer is that 

 whether Gamka means abounding in lions or not, Prieska could 

 not mean " aboundii-g in goats," because it does not conform 

 to tlie Hottentot usage, which requires that the gender sign, 

 h or .s\ shall be dropped from tlie noun before the adjectival 

 particle a'a is affixed ; this would give not herisj'a, but heri.ra, 

 the word which is used for a man who owns many goats. 



It is rational to correct statements or sug'gestions as soon 

 as one is convinced tliat tlioy are really wrong; an opportunity 

 is taken to correct tlie statement made in my " IN^otes on South 

 African Place-names " (p. 4, 1914), that the -ka of Gamka was 

 the Hottentot adjectival -;va, with the force of abundance. 

 (This correction does not, however, affect what has just been 

 said re Prieska). Kingon's paper drew my attention incident- 

 ally to one or two i)oints the consideration of wliich led me to 

 the conclusion that the syllable ka affixed to so many Ciskeian 

 place-names {e.g., Chamika, Dwj/ka, Gamka, Kouka, Traka, 

 etc.) was not the Hottentot adjectival .va. That these names, 

 occurring in territory concerning the Hottentot occupation of 



