344 HOTTENTOT PLACE- jN- AMES. 



of the earlier occupants would remain in the nomenclature of 

 the territory as a proof of that earlier occupation. This is 

 undoubtedly the case in both the Transkeian and Ciskeian 

 territories. Evidences of Bushman occupation are not wanting, 

 for, in addition to their paintings, such place-names as Baroeng 

 (Ses. mo Roa, a Bushman; PI. ba Roa, Bushmen), near Little 

 Roma, Basutoland, " the place of the Baroa or Bushmen "; 

 u Daliioe, the Kaffir name of the Thorn River, Cathcart 

 district, C.P., derives its name from a cave on it-s bank con- 

 taining daliwe, Bushman paintings; JJhala ainaUva (Kaf. ukii 

 Bala, to write; inn Twa, a Bushman), a locality in the Tsolo 

 district, Transkei, which name also refers to local liushman 

 drawings; Keang-hop, north-east of Kuruman, liritish Becliu- 

 analand, preserves for us the designation of the liushman 

 sky-god (Arbousset and Daunias, " ^Narrative," p. 253, 

 1846). N goliloe (Ses. ngola, to engrave, draw), a place in the 

 Ficksburg district, U.F.S., is a name that lefers to the Bush- 

 man paintings (Ellenberg-, " History of the ]3asutos," p. 91, 

 1912), and others may be adduced. Evidence of Hottentot 

 occupation is not wanting, as we have seen ; but including them 

 all in a common " H.-B." category must not be taken to mean 

 that Bushman and Hottentot place-names can never be 

 distinguished. It is true that at present only the most meagre 

 and inadequate information is at our disposal respecting the 

 former, and it would almost appear that the op])ortunity for 

 largely increasing that infoimation luid alieady passed awaj^, 

 yet when we remember liow jnucli has been accomplished in 

 the northern hemisphere, by the study of place-names derived 

 from languages that have been dead for centuries, to recover 

 the history and wanderings of races wliich have left no other 

 record behind them, may we not hope that some day future 

 students may succeed in accomplishing something of the same 

 sort in the southern liemisphpre? Resources do not appear to 

 be absolutely exhausted while any of the Bushmen of the 

 Kalahari and Lake N'gami regions, or the Pigmies of the 

 tropical forests of Central Africa, exist, and it is devoutly to 

 be wished that ihey may not be exterminated as rutlilessly as 

 the Buslimeii of the south have been. 



A. — The -ea Group of Place-names. 



This, with several other groups of place-names arranged 

 by Kingon according to their respective terminations, are all 

 classed by him under the heading: "Hottentot-Bushman 

 Place-names," which brings tliem within tlie scope of this 

 paper. 



After reading very carefully the section headed as above 

 (u. 752), it appears to me that there are three statements made 

 that need some modification : (a) That " -ra is Bushman rather 

 than Hottentot" fi). 758); (b) that " -ra is diminutive in 

 force " (p. 758); (c) and that " it seems certain that all these 

 different spellings (-ra, -ka, -ga, -gha, -qa, -qua, -clia) were 

 attempts to fix one and the same sound, the sound which we 

 designate nowadays, -ra " (p. 759). 



