348 HOTTENTOT TLACE-NAJtES. 



t'Kamma, i.e., GraSvSy AVater," as the name of the Lower 

 .Sundays River. Hartog'li mentions also " een droge rivier 

 (Juhamma ' in het Hottentots." 



That these additional names as well as the majority of 

 those mentioned by Ivingon are corrupted Hottentot names is 

 beyond question. Gattikainma, rendered by the Hutcdi Klaar- 

 water (the place now known as Griquatown), is from the two 

 Hottentot words fgatsi, clear, bright; and I / garni, water. 

 Keisl-amma is spelt by Ensign Beutler (1752) " T'hy.skamma " 

 (see Godlonton and Irving: " Narrative of the Kaffir War of 

 1850-51-52," p. 161 n., 1852). Sparrman spells it (1785) 

 ['Kaisi-Kauima " ; Van Reenen's Map (1792') " Keis 

 Kamma "; and Paterson (1799) " Kys Co)/ima." (Paterson's 

 spelling is generally somewhat eccentric, so far as the names 

 of localities are concerned.) This name appears to have its 

 origin in the Hottentot word %]xei.^a, shining {cf. D. Blink- 

 water), of which the Kaffir name of the river, i Xesi, would 

 seem to be either an adaptation or a corruption. Kingon says 

 that 



" the very derivation of the name Kriskamn (originally i Xcs'i) 

 indicates an agreement arrived at between the Kaffirs and the 

 Hottentots, by which the fonrth liver from the Kei was to be the 

 dividing line between the races." {V'kJc Kropf, " Kafl&r 

 Dictionary," in Joe.) 



But Kingon does not give the derivation, and leaves us quite 

 in the air as to the point of contact or of connection. Noetze- 

 lannnia appears to be composed of the Hottentot words Jnw or 

 Xrui.se, black; and I If/ami, water. We get the former word in 

 the name Nu Gariep, which Burchell (II., p. 48, 1824) renders 

 " Black River," and in Sparrman's " t'Nn-t'Kay " (II., 

 ]). 146, 1785V now known as the Zwart Kei. Kraggakamnia, is 

 formed from the Hottentot words I IKaraxa (a word in which 

 Ave get the Hottentot adjectival termination, expressing 

 abundance (Hot. IIKarah, gravel in a riverbed; and then the 

 adjective I IKara.va, plenty of pebbles), gravelly, pebbly; and 

 1 1 garni, water. Kwa Kama (Kingon's " booby-trap "), as is 

 well known, is not to be traced to " an ancient chief," but to 

 Kama, the loyal. Christian chief of the Amagqunukwebe, who 

 died as recently as 1875, to whom and his people the Govern- 

 ment made a grant of the land \\\ 1838, and who resided there 

 with his missionary, the Rev. William Shepstone, until Sir 

 George Cathcart made a g-rant (confirmed subsequently by Sir 

 George Grey) to Kama and his people of a more suitable tract 

 of land along the Keiskamma, as a reward for their fidelity 

 to the Government. The name Kamastone, wliicli the place 

 now bears, is composed of this chief's name and the last syllable 

 of the missionary's name (Sliep-)stone. There is one other 

 name that should be mentioned here, Keislanima, a diamond 

 digging centre on the Yaal Ri^""^- As T have shown elsewhere 

 (.ToiTRNAL OF Science, p. 98, 1914\ although entirely 

 Hottentot, like the river-name Kcisliainina of the Old Colony, 

 this name is derived from two Hottentot words quite different 

 in meaning from those from whicli the river-name is' derived. 



