304 EVOLUTION AND MANKIND. 



evolutionary principles. Thus, sociologists must become 

 thoroughly versed in biological science and its practice, not be 

 content with scraps, snippets and pious platitudes. Every theo- 

 logian, politician and classicist should be coinpelled to take a 

 course in practical and evolutionary biology. At the same time, 

 it must also be remembered that education and training alone will 

 not regenerate the race, but there must be a continual increase in 

 numbers of the desirable elements of the population. 



Before closing, a few remarks may be made with special 

 reference to democracy. In the oj)inion of many, especially of 

 the ignorant and luithinking, a panacea for all htnnan ills is 

 believed to have been found in the dominance df democracy, as 

 represented by the working classes, and of international socialism. 

 That legitimate grievances exist, and that certain of the socialistic 

 views are theoretically correct, must be admitted. Nevertheless, 

 the main idea appears to be expressed in the conviction that 

 alleged rights only need consideration, while responsibilities and 

 liabilities can respectively be repudiated or confiscated. Mental 

 ability is not properly and adequately recognised under such a 

 social scheme, the result being that uniform or standardised 

 mediocrity only prevails, and the le\el of intelligence of the least- 

 informed but loudest talker is that adopted as a standard. 



There can never be really absolute democracy or socialism, 

 because of the existence of natural \ariations. Evolution, hered- 

 ity and variations all need to be taken into accotint, and only 

 too frequently the last two factors are overlooked. Absolute 

 equality in any respect is an impossibility, because of the inevitable 

 occurrence of variations in Nature. All are not born equal in 

 physical condition or in the capacity for mental acquirements, and 

 this being the case, no matter what artificial system of equality 

 be enforced at any one period, the balance is upset the next 

 moment, and ineqtiality once more is established. 



Further, democracy needs to realise that there must be har- 

 mony in the Universe, that railing at capitalism and repudiation 

 of responsibilities cannot bring about real improvement, and that 

 a constructive policy, whereby democracy endeavotirs to shoulder 

 the burdens committed to it, alone will be of service. Ditties, 

 not rights, must be the watchword if real progress is to accrue. 

 Permanent good cannot result unless those who have inherited 

 no mean heritage pass it on amplified and intensified in such a 

 way that " each for all and all for each," or *' loving one's neigh- 

 bour as one's self " are realities, instead of the organised selfish- 

 ness and self-seeking that at present often flaunt themselves under 

 the names of democracy and socialism. The peoples of the world 

 should realise that they are members of one great brotherhood, 

 the world being its home, and that consec^uently, as in a human 

 family, there must be discipline — the discipline with love behind 

 it, and not the discipline of brute force. Freedom, justice and 

 equality of opportunity for all, according to their capabilities, 

 would then be the natural order of afifairs, instead of the constant 



