CATTLE AS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR IN SOUTii AFRICA. 429 



landed at Angra i'etiucna and found no habitation it may well 

 have been tnat ins every movement was closely watched by an 

 vinseen observer. 1 iw Dtisiuiian^ havni^ no aoniestic aiiimai but 

 the dog", was accustomed to wander even in the desolate wastes 

 ot that part of the coast reg-ion, subsisting on roots and wild 

 plants, and when lucky connng upon the abode of wild bees. With 

 a rudnnentary bow and arrow he hunted with marvellous skill, 

 and locusts were suftic^ently palatable at a push ; carrion, too, was 

 sometimes better than nothing. 



It is not our purpose here to note more than the details 

 essential and relevant to our study, so that no general description 

 of either the Bushmen or the Hottentots is to be exi>ected. The 

 clothing of the Bushman male consisted of a skin throw^n loosely 

 over the shoulders, while the female wore a small ajjron ; his 

 weapons were the bow and arrow, and the spear, nor did he 

 hesitate to poison the tips of his weapons in order to make sure 

 of his prey. The Bushmen have left their implements and paint- 

 ings in many parts of the country, and we are now able to say 

 with some certainty that they occupied most of the interior, the 

 coast belt and the basins of the Orange and Vaal rivers being the 

 domain of the Hottentot. From about the latitude of Waltish 

 Bay on the West Coast, around the edges of the Kalahari 

 Desert, and along the Vaal River, back along the main mountain 

 range to the Kei River the Bantu were pressing in from the north. 

 But even here the Bushmen ])enetrated the Bantu country, for 

 near Ng(]amakwe, and Umtata and Tsolo I have seen Bushman 

 paintings, and handled their stone implements, and elsewhere in 

 Natal and Rhodesia Bushman relics and even colonies are to be 

 found in the midst of the Bantu. 



Indeed in the Umtata District certain implements were 

 recently found near Kambi, which, on expert examination, were 

 pronounced to be tools used for the working up of iron into arrow- 

 heads and assegai heads. The Bu.shmen having learned it from 

 the Bantu originally, apparently continued to do this class of 

 work for the natives, for traces of their workings are to be found 

 right up into Natal, and also in the Northern Transvaal and the 

 Northern Territories. Reference to my paper on the Place Names 

 of Tsolo read before this Association in 1916* will show that 

 important evidence o| the presence of Bushmen is also to be 

 found in the Place Names of Kaffirland for the pure native 

 language being without clicks those names in which clicks appear 

 may be regarded as of 'Bushman-Hottentot origin. 



People whose requiremeius and possessions were so small 

 were of little value for the jnirposes of trade. Since they had 

 no cattle to barter it was not worth bothering about them, and 

 they were at first left to die out in the struggle for existence, and 

 later, as we shall see, deliberately hunted down and exterminated 

 when thev took to stealing the cattle of the early settlers. 



Rept. S..^. Assoc: for Adv. of Sc. Mnritzbnrg, 603-619 (1916). 



