"^IZ AliORIGINAL PLACE NAMKS. 



Rivers West of Kei. Rivers East of Kici. 



Baakens Umgazana 



Gamtoos Umgazi 



Karadoiuv U mzimvuhu 



um-Zitsikania (or Keurbooms) Nkadisweni 

 Kiu'sna Ntafufu 



Gau-ritz Umziiitlavana 



Kafferkuil Umsikaba 



Brccdc Unitentu 



Unin3'anieni 



Umzamba 



Umtamvuna 



Umzimkiilu 



The most, then, that can be said is that, as far as the Bashee, 

 all the coastal rivers, with the rarest exceptions, have nariies 

 containing H-B sounds, and just east of the Bashee we find two 

 more small rivers exhibiting the same characteristics, but from 

 the ]\Incwasa all the others are of purely Bantu derivation. 



This, however, is by no means true of the interior place- 

 uames. Alan}- names containing H-B sounds are found as far 

 east as the Umzimvubu and its tributary the Tina, and compara- 

 tively few beyond, so that Kay's great dividing line must be 

 shifted from the Kei to the Umzimvubu. The point is of some 

 miportance on account of the idea we have alread}- mentioned 

 as being fairly generally accepted, namely, that the Hottentots 

 and Bushmen overran the country west of the Kei. Judging by 

 the nomenclature, we are compelled to the view that they pene- 

 trated much further east, and in any case we have already seen 

 that Hottentots were actually assimilated into the Kaffir tribes; 

 while, so far as the Bushmen are concerned, positive evidence 

 exists even at the present day of Bushman paintings, implements, 

 and colonies in the heart of Kaffirland. Those who have interest 

 in this point are referred to my paper on " Some Place-names of 

 Tsolo'"*; also to the paper on "Cattle as a Factor in South 

 African Economic De\-elopment."t 



It is, indeed, abundantly clear that many such names would 

 be accounted for in this way. Others, however, would arise by 

 the Bantu adopting Hottentot-Bushman words and clicks, and* 

 so themselves giving names of H-B derivation to places in their 

 own territories. As a matter of fact, some Kaffir words have 

 been influenced to the extent that the initial consonant has been 

 sympathetically altered into a click, and it is more than probable 

 tiiat as we enter into the minutise of the place-names we shall 

 find some wearing an H-B garment over a purely Bantu form. 



In view, however, of the fact that the Transkei was annexed 

 much later than British Kaffraria, and that the Transkeian Terri- 

 tories are separately administered, and especially for the further 

 reasons that the names across the Kei are less corrupted by 



* Rcpt. S.A. Ass. for Adv. ofSc. Maritzburg (1916). 603-619. 

 t See ante, p. 429. 



