298 Report S.A.A. Advancement of Science. 



very thick forms, however, being predominant. The implements, 

 too, are made of the same materials, that is, with the exception of 

 one jasper and five small chert specimens, of the peculiar grey 

 aphanite. They are probably all scrapers, and present the same 

 variability at both places. They occur under a thin covering of 

 surface soil. 



The accompanying illustration (Plate 5), if combined with that 

 of the examples from the Junction, gives a very good idea of the 

 general facies. The impossibility of accurately drawing the very 

 thick forms has, however, prevented their receiving representation. 

 As regards size, some are a good deal larger than those figured. 

 They are not common, nor are the minute specimens shewn in the 

 middle row of the illustration. I have one very neatly trimmed 

 example (11,109) ^^at measures only 12 x 9 millimetres. 



The very long scrapers, and those trimmed at both ends, are 

 well represented. There are also two or three examples of a peculiar 

 wedge-shaped form (which also occurs at Riverton) — they are 

 trimmed all round, the secondary chipping being nearly or quite 

 vertical at the sides and convex end, but inclined at a comparatively 

 low angle at the straight end. 



While a large proportion are most exquisitely finished, a great 

 many have been very roughly made. These last are interesting on 

 account of the light they throw on the Eolithic question. Many, 

 indeed, shew little or no improvement on their prototypes. 



An ostrich eggshell bead and a piece of pottery were found, 

 together with the implements. 



Paleolithic Types and Advanced Groups from Riverton. 



Riverton Island is famous for the outlines of animals and the 

 curious symbols which are chipped on the polished rock surfaces. 

 The great eland mentioned by Stow is still in existence, though 

 sadly damaged. 



On the south side of the river, both terraces and the alluvium 

 overlying the lower one, are well developed. In the lower terrace 

 I noticed several of the characteristic large flakes, and obtained one 

 or two of the typical Palaeolithic implements. 



Above the alluvium is a thin covering of constantly shifting 

 sand. In places where this had been blown away, I came across in 

 great abundance a most interesting group of implements. Apart 

 from hammer and grind-stones, a perforated ball, and grooved 

 cylindrical pieces of sandstone, they may be divided into three 

 series : — (i) Scrapers of grey and green aphanite, resembling in a 

 general way those from the junction of the Riet and Modder Rivers, 

 (2) minute scrapers like those recorded by me from the Taaibosch 

 Spruit, (3) Pigmy chert implements of remarkably delicate workman- 

 ship, mostly of peculiar form and unknown use. 



Thirty-nine of these last are shewn in the accompanying illustra- 

 tion (Plate 6). They are a Neolithic type that is already known from 

 Europe (including Britain) and India, but of which only one example- 



