Subject 

 Index 



Adaptive Radiation: 

 as having occurred with ancient 



marsupials, 266 

 conditions of occurrence of, 266 

 of insect species in Hawaiian 

 Islands, 266 

 Adjustment(s) to Terrestrial 



Habitat(s) (see also Behavior 

 Patterns; Morphological 

 Adaptations): 

 absorption of moisture through 



body surfaces and, 97 

 body temperature in: 

 constant, as developed by birds 



and mammals, 98 

 control of, 98 

 convergence of sere- stages as, 



102 

 evolution of body functions in: 

 burrowing and dragging to 



counteract gravity, 96 

 long-range vision, 99 

 evolution of body structures in: 

 appendages to counteract 



gravity, 96 

 internal air-breathing organs, 99 

 skeletal framework to counter- 

 act gravity, 96 

 evolution of body coverings: 

 as protection from solar radia- 

 tion, 99 

 to counteract gravity, 96 

 evolution of body surfaces to 



prevent moisture loss, 97-98 

 in alpine tundra: 

 birds and insects closeness to 

 ground in face of strong wind, 

 322 

 by mammals in altitudes of low 



oxygen pressure, 323 

 through freezing and thawing of 



spring-tails, 322 

 through white coloration, 322 

 in arctic tundra: 

 of birds, through development 



of flight songs, 320-321 

 of cold-blooded animals, 320 

 of herbivores, 320 

 through body insulation, 320 

 through failure of breeding 

 during phenomena detrimental 

 to survival, 320 

 through migration, 320 

 through overwintering, 320 

 through periods of rest during 



long summer day, 320-321 

 through tunneling and burrowing, 



320 

 through white coloration, 319-320 

 in deserts: 

 after abundant rainfall, 338-339 



Adiustment(s) to Terrestrial 



Habitat(s) (Contiuued) 

 as similar to adjustments of 



prairie species, 338 

 of fish in ponds, 339 

 of plants to survive lack of 



water, 333 

 through avoidance of hot ground 



surface, 338 

 through coloration, 339 

 through hibernation over winter, 



339 

 through nocturnal activity, 338 

 through use of shady nesting 



areas, 338 

 through utilization of limited 



water sources, 338 

 in grassland: 

 during winter, 330 

 of birds, 330 

 of bison, 328 



of pronghorn antelopes, 328 

 of small mammals, 329 

 through development of hopping 



locomotion, 329-330 

 through food habits, 328 

 through protective coloration, 



329 

 through use of ponds and potholes, 



330 

 through vision and fleetness of 



foot, 328-329 

 in temperate deciduous and 



coniferous forests: 

 and migration, 299, 299-300 

 and time of breeding seasons, 



299 

 as determined by differences 



between deciduous and coni- 

 ferous forests, 308 

 during severe winter conditions 



by active animals, 299 

 for arboreal habits and climbing, 



299 

 in hearing and voice, 299 

 made by coniferous species in 



deciduous forests, 305-306 

 of animals that remain active 



over winter, 309 

 of man, 300, 308 

 of overwintering animals, 300 

 role of trees in, 299 

 in tropical rain forests: 

 as not bearing on cold, weather 



or food, 346 

 of cold-blooded animals, 347 

 of organisms living in water 



within clumps of leaves of 



epiphytes, 349 

 of reproductive habits of birds, 



347-348 

 of sloths and anteaters, 348 

 of wood- eating insects, 347 



404 Index 



