Warm-blooded Animals: 

 ability of to live in cold climates, 



9-10 

 compensation for loss of heat 



energy by, 201 

 effect of temperature on and 



latitudinal distribution of, 98 

 existence energy of, 98-99 

 fecundity of and weather, 211 

 high rate of physiological function- 

 ing of, 98 

 pace of in tropical rain forests, 



347 

 productive energy of, 98-99 

 relation of energy balance of to 



air temperature, 98-99 

 size of litter of and parental care, 



211 

 survival of at high temperatures, 



10 

 Water Conditioning: 

 as producing overcrowding of 



tadpoles, 224 

 described. 172-173 

 favorable effects of, 173 

 favorable, factors involved in 



production of, 173 

 harmful effects of, 173 

 heterotypical, described. 172-173 

 homotypical, described. 172-173 

 through release of calcium by 



flatworms, 175 

 Wildlife Management: 

 development of as branch of 



ecology, 6 

 in trapping for fur, 232-233 

 practical value of age ratio in, 



216-217 

 Wind(s): 

 action of in lakes, 61 

 and movement of sand, 105 

 as continuous in deserts, 332 

 as instrument of passive convey- 

 ance of eggs and spores, 146 

 as transporter of soil, 163-164 

 circulation of in deciduous forests, 



121 

 condition of in North America 



60-70 million years ago, 281 



Wind(s) (Coiilinued) 

 conditions of ponds protected 



from, 79 

 direction of and glaciation in 



Pleistocene era, 284 

 erosion, of desertic soils, 172 

 influence of on lake currents, 61 

 in tropical biomes, 340-341 

 mild, use of by spiders as means 



of dispersal, 146-147 

 populations of insects in, 147 

 role of in formation of plant seres 



on rock, 102-104 

 strength of in alpine tundra and 



closeness to ground of insects 



and birds, 322 

 strength of in grassland, 324 

 strong, as dispersal mechanisms 



for organisms, 146-147 

 vegetation as shelter from, 247 

 velocity of in beech- maple forest, 



121-122 

 vertical gradients of velocity of 



above prairie grasses, 122 

 Woodland: 

 areas of occurrence of, 310 

 climate of, 310-311 

 consideration of as ecotone, 311 

 description of, 310 

 invertebrates in, 311-312 

 paleo-ecology of, 311 

 plant associations of, 311 

 species of birds in, 311-312 

 species of mammals in, 311 



Zonation: 



and succession from sea to fresh- 

 water and land, 367 



animals in intertidal habitats as 

 guided by adjustments to, 362- 

 363 



in Great Smoky Mountains of 

 eastern Tennessee, 295 



in New York's Catskill Mountains, 

 295 



in pelecy pod- annelid biome of sea, 

 365 



Zonation (Co)dniued) 

 in Western Mountains, 314 

 of vegetation: 

 and dispersal of Tertiary flora, 



313 

 causes for development of, 295 

 on ocean side of coral reefs, 366- 



367 

 role of climate in, 313 

 subdivisions in of intertidal 

 habitats, 362 

 Zoogeography: 

 as foundation of biome-biociation 



system, 279 

 as one of two major factors in 

 distribution of organisms, 

 279 

 defined. 279 



faunistic systems in, 272-276 

 of marine communities: 

 and abyssal-benthos, 370 

 and arctic and antarctic faunas 



in pelagic biome, 370 

 and circumtropical distribution 



of species, 370 

 and distribution of continental 

 shelf fauna as limited by tem- 

 perature, 370 

 and divisions of continental shelf 



fauna, 370 

 and fauna of arctic and antarctic 



regions, 371 

 and fauna of North Atlantic 



region, 371 

 and fauna of North Pacific region, 



371 

 and fauna of West Indian subregion 

 of Atlanto-East Pacific region, 

 371 

 and richness of tropical sub- 

 fauna, 370 

 and uniformity of pelagic organ- 

 isms in different oceans, 370 

 and variety of abundance of 

 animal life in Indo-West Pacific 

 region, 371 

 and warm-water fauna in pelagic 



biome, 370 

 as based on faunas, regions and 

 subregions, 370 

 subject matter of, 26 



448 Index 



