digger-wasp, Sphecidae, Fig. 8-9, 109 



dlnoflagellate, Thallophyta (plant), 92, 357, 358-359 



Diptera {see fly) 



Dipterocarpaceae (trees), 343 



dog. Cape hunting, Lycaon. Table 25-1, 271, Table 27-2 



dog, prairie, Cynomys. 128, 164, Table 9-4, Table 25-1, 



187, 329, 330 

 dog, black-tailed prairie, Cynomys ludovicianus , 326 

 dog, Gunnison's prairie, Cynomys gunnisoni, 127 

 dogwood, Cornus (shrub), 79-81, 282 

 dogwood, red-osier, Cornus stolonifera, 105 

 Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (tree), 121, 302 

 dove, ground, Columbigallina passerina. Fig. 12-5, 335- 



336 

 dove, mourning, Zenaidura macroura, 140-141, 297-298, 



335-336, Table 8-6 

 dove, white-winged, Zenaida asiatica, 335-336 

 dove, zenaida, Zenaida aurita, 298 

 dowitcher, long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus (bird) 



318 

 dragonfly, Anisoptera, Odonata, 25, 43, 85, 87, 88-89, 90, 



Fig. 7-3, Table 3-1, Table 5-3, Table 7-1, Table 



7-2, Table 13-1, 184-185, 247, 319 

 Drosophila. fruit fly, 7, Fig. 16-6, 159-160, 175, 223, 



224, 246, 249, 258, Fig. 19-3 

 drum, freshwater, Aplodinotus grunniens (fish). Table 



5-2 

 Dryopidae {see beetle, riffle) 

 Dryops, riffle beetle. Fig. 7-2, 84-85 

 duck, Anatidae, 87, 91, 92, 214, 243 

 duck, black, Anas rubripes, 306 

 duck, eider, Polysticta, Somateria, 319 

 duckweed, Lemnaceae, 79-81 

 dunlin, Erolia alpina (shorebird), 318 

 Dytiscidae {see beetle, diving) 



eagle, bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus , 179 



eagle, golden, Aguila chrysa'etos, 307 



earthworms, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae {see An- 

 nelida) 



earwig, Dermaptera (insect), 134 



Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchin, jellyfish), 352, 357, 

 364, 365-366 



Edentata (armadillos, ant-eaters, sloths), 272 



eel, Gymnotidae (fish), 270 



eel, European, Anguilla anguilla, 43-44, 368-370, 370 



eel, western, Anguilla bostonensis, 43-44, 368-370, 370 



eelgrass, Vallisneria, 79-81 



eelgrass, marine, Zostera marina, 206, 365, 366 



eland, Taurotragus oryx (mammal), Table 25-1 



elephant, Elephantidae (mammal), 160, 215, 271, 271- 

 272, 344, 347 



elaphe, Elaphe dione (snake). Table 25-1 



elk {see wapiti) 



elm, Ulmus (tree), Table 20-1, 282 



elm, American, Ulmus americana, 79-81, Fig. 9-4, 112, 

 113, 113-114, 116-117, 121, Table 7-6, 227 



elm, slippery, Ulmus rubra, 79-81, 113-114, 121, Table 

 7-6 



Elmidae, riffle beetles, 46-47 



emu, Dromiceius (bird). Table 25-1, 270 



Enchytraeidae {see potworms) 



Entomostraca (crustaceans), 67, 74, 147, 215 



Ephemeridae (mayflies), 44-45, 45 



Ericaceae (heath plants), 316 



ermine, Mustela erminea (mammal), 303, 318, 319-320 



Eskimo, 321 



Euphausiacea (crustaceans), 357, 358-359, 360 



Eurotia, winterfat (bush), 334-335 



falcon, peregrine, Falco peregrinus (bird), 318 

 falcon, prairie, Falco mexicanus, 337 

 fern, Pteridophyta (plants), 22, Fig. 8-5, 97, 102-104 

 ferret, black-footed, Mustela nigripes (mammal), 128- 



129, 326 

 Ferrissia, snail, 44, 47 



finch, black rosy, Leucosticte atrata (bird), 321-322 

 finch, brown-capped rosy, Leucosticte australis, 321- 



322 

 finch, Cassin's, Carpodacus cassinii. Fig. 23-5, 307 

 finch, Darwin's, Geospizinae, 155 

 finch, gray-crowned rosy, Leucosticte tephrocotis, 321- 



322 

 finch, ground, Geospizinae, 262 

 finch, purple, Carpodacus purpureous. 302-303, Table 



fir, Abies (tree), 23-24, 121, Table 7-6, 286, 289 



fir, balsam, Abies balsamea. Table 20-1, 230, 302, 309- 

 310 



fir, California red, Abies magnifica, 302 



fir, grand, Abies grandis, 302 



fir, subalpine, Abies lasiocarpa, 302 



fir, white, Abies concolor, 302 



fish, Pisces, 7, 9, 11-12, 24, 39, 50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 

 60-61, 64, 65, 66, 74, 74-75, 75, 77, 81, 85, 87, 90, 90- 

 91, 91, 91-92, 92, Fig. 5-10, Table 3-1, 99, 101, 102, 

 146, 147, 151-153, 155, 156, 172, 173, 182-183, 183, 

 184-185, 185, 191-192, 194, 204-205, 206, 208, 216, 

 222, 224, 226, 228-229, 229, 246, 249, 271, 271-272, 

 291, 319, 339, 367-368 



fish, elasmobranch, Chondrichthyes, 354 



fish, marine, Pisces, 354, 356, 357, 359, 359-360, 360- 

 361, 361, 363, 364, 365, 365-366, 366, 367, 370, 371 



fisher, Martes pennanti (mammal), 237, 303 



fishfly, Chauliodes (insect), Table 3-1 



flatworm, Turbellaria, 7, 39, 44, 71, 82, 87-88, Table 



3-1, 101, 130, Table 6-2, 173, 175, 177, 178-179, 179, 

 246, 252, 318, 319, 348-349, 349, 354, 363, 365, 368 



flea, Siphonaptera (insects), 178-179, 181, 235, 246 



flicker, gilded, Colaptes chrysoides (bird), 335-336 



flicker, red-shafted, Colaptes cafer. Fig. 9-11, 297- 

 298 



flicker, yellow-shafted, Colaptes auratus. 297-298, 

 Table 7-4, Table 8-6, Table 23-1 



flounder, pleuronectidal (fish), 371 



fly, Diptera, 66-67, 114-115, 124, 174-175, Fig. 9-14 

 125, 135, 137, Table 5-4, Table 5-5, Table 7-1, 

 Table 9-6, Table 9-7, 178-179, 181, 182, 188, 227, 

 265, 309-310, 311-312, 313, 319, 322, 347, 368 



454 Index 



