10 LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Long before the time of Forbes, however, the two 

 distinguished French naturahsts Audouin and Mihie- 

 Edwards,* from their enthusiastic work as young men, 

 among the rocks and islets of the Chausey Archipelago, 

 and at other points along the coast of Normandy and 

 Brittany, were able to distinguish five belts of life upon 

 the shore: — (1) that of Balani (barnacles), only found on 

 rocky coasts ; (2) the zone of Fucoids, having limpets 

 (Patella), whelks {Purpura, Nassa) and the common sea- 

 anemone (Actinia) on rocks, sand-worms (Arenicola, 

 Terehella) and sand-hoppers (Talitrus, Orchestia) on sandy 

 shores, and certain other worms (Nephthys, Siptmcidus) in 

 mud; (3) the zone of "Corallines," only exposed at low 

 tide, having mussels (Mytilus), simple and compound 

 ascidians, crabs (Porcellana), Doris, worms (Serpula, 

 Polynoe) and sponges in rocky places, the molluscs Venus 

 and Solen in sand, and the small Bissoa and Geritliium in 

 mud; (4) the zone of Laminaria, having starfish, sea- 

 anemones and the beautiful limpet Helcion pellucidimi on 

 rocks, and certain crustaceans on sandy ground; and (5) 

 the lowest zone in which are found oysters (Ostrea), the 

 sea-mouse (Aphrodite) , the swimming crabs (Portunus) and 

 the larger starfishes. 



The well-known Scandinavian zoologists M. Sarsf (in 

 1835) and Sven Loven (more recently) directed their 

 attention to the distribution of life around the Norwegian 

 shores, and marked out four belts lying between high 

 water mark and the Laminarian zone, viz: — (1) " regio 

 Balanorum," (2) " regio Patellarum," with Fuciis vesicu- 

 losus and F. nodosus in its upper part, and F. serratus and 



* See Ann. des Sc. Nat,, Ireser., t. xxi., p. 326, 1830; and Kecherclies pour 

 Servir k I'Histoire Naturelle du Littoral de la France, 1832. 



t Beskrivelser og Jagttagelser o. nogle mserk. eller. nye i Havet v. d. 

 Bergenske Kyst lev. Dyr,, Bergen, 1835. 



