20 LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



13th July by the spray from a heavy sea, caused by an 

 easterly gale along with an unusually high spring tide. 

 A new set were then marked (July 13th) higher up the 

 rocks and remained unchanged in position till I saw them 

 on my next visit on the 27th July, and Mr. Kutherford 

 reported to me that they were still in the same spots, 

 inside their little rings of paint, on the 13th August, whea 

 they had been exactly a month under observation. 



Below the subterrestrial zone at Puffin Island we find 

 the bands of life on the shore correspond very well with 

 those recognised by Audouin and Milne-Edwards on the 

 French coast, and by Edward Forbes in other parts of 

 the British seas. We have (1) the region of Balani forming 

 a well-marked line along the cliffs, (2) the area occupied 

 by Limpets and Littorina ohtusata on rocks covered with 

 Fucus nodosus, F. serratus, and F. vesiculosus. In pools 

 on this part of the shore is found Corallina officinalis. 

 A little lower is the common sea-anemone {Actinia mesem- 

 hryanthe7nwn) in abundance, and under stones the annelids 

 Serpula and Spirorbis and the Amphipod Gainmariis locusta. 

 At this point we have reached about six feet vertically 

 below the highest Algae on the rocks, and the first Hydroid 

 Zoophytes are now found, Diphasia pumila on Fucus and 

 Laomedea on the sides of stones, also Memhranipora pilosa 

 and Chthamalus. Then follow Purpura, Ano7nia, Mytilus, 

 Mucronella coccinea, and various Zoophytes ; then Cancer 

 pagurus (small), Alcyonidium gelatinosum, and Amphiura 

 squamata. We now reach the ten feet line vertically down 

 from the top of the Algae, and meet with HalicJiondria 

 panicea, and Porcellana platyclieles which extends from 

 this point down to the Laminarian zone. Next is a very 

 prolific zone, extending to low-water, in which occur 

 Alcyonium digltatum, Tealia crasslcornis, CrihreUa sangui- 

 nolenta, Asterias ruhens, Serpula vermicular is, Sabellaria 



