MEMOIHS OK TllIO NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENOI-IS. 



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in a siipiiu- position was Imiied close to the wall; the lower limbs, eloviited at li^rlit aii;;U's to tin- 

 1 1 link, were placi'd in a iiiclie in the wall which was then lilled uji with mud. 



Anion}; those buried under tlieUoors, many werecliildreii, and these were I'onnd always buried 

 near the kitchen hearths. This is a eiistom which is found to have prevailed in otlier parts of tin- 

 world and is variously aeeounted for. Mr. CushiuK's explanation derived from Zufii folklore and 

 belief is this: "The matriarehal {grandmother or matron of the household deities is the lire. It is 

 considered the frnardian as it is also, beiup used for cooking, the principal 'sonrceof life' of the 

 family. The little idiildren, being considered unable to care for themselves, were i)laced, literally, 

 under the protect ion of the faiinly lire that their soul-life might be nourished, .sustained, and 

 increased.'' 



Within both the underground and wall sepulchers were found deposited various household 

 utensils, articles of personal adornment and others of a sacerdotal character. In the mural burials 

 of the temples the articles of sacerdotal use were particularly numerous and elaborate. This is 

 one of the many reasons Mr. Gushing has for believing that those buried without cremation were 

 of a sacerdotal and higher class of thecomnuinity, while those who were cremated were of a lower 

 class, and laymen. The pottery buried with the adults in the graves, was left whole and not 

 broken or " killed" in the manner to be described when speaking of burials after cremation; that 

 buried in graves with children was, however usually "killed" or broken. The sacred parapher- 

 nalia referred to were so similar to those used in Zuni to-day that Mr. Gushing " was often able, 

 through the knowledge of the Zuni priesthoods to identify the medicine or priestly rank of the 

 silent occupant of a sepulcher.'' 



The great majority of the dead were cremated. Each communal dwelling had in close prox- 

 imity to it, its own pyral mound and, situated at the ba»se of the latter, a collection of earthen 

 vessels containing the remains of the dead — a pyral cemetery (Fig. 4). The mounds consisted of 

 ashes, cinders, and fragments of charred and broken mortuary sacrifices; they were from GO to 

 10(1 feet in diameter, from 3 to 9 feet high and showed evidence of. having had from 2 to (5 locations 

 for pyres in each. That each pyral mound was appropriate to its neighboring c()mmuual house 



