mi;m(>ii;s of the national acadkmv of sciences. 



157 



tlu- conditions sunoundiu}; Imiuaii lilt' in Peru ;iic more like tliosc of Arizona than thoso of trop- 

 ical .Mexico and Central Anu'rica. The loliowint; are some of the indications of a special lelation- 

 siiij) hi'tween the ancient Peiiivians and the ancient Arizonians: 



1. In the ruins of some of the iiltrainiiral houses there were nneaithed feriacDtta iniaj^cs of 

 ainiaihnped which can not be identilieil as reseniMiiif;: any aiiiiniil of the present North Anieri(;an 

 taiiiiM, while all other etlitjies found are easily identilietl. Unfortunately 1 am able to presentonly 

 an outline drawiufj of one of these (I''i}r. K;.) Zoologists who have seen the orifjinal terra-cottas 

 are tif the opinion that it rei)resents a creature allied to the South American cawc/iiV/a' (llama 

 vicuna, guanaco, etc.). In various parts of the Southwest there are petrofjraplis which are tliought 

 to rei)resent the same animal. Some of these petrograph.s are located at (considerable distances 

 from Los Jluertos, as, for instance, thosc^ in the Tuercro Valley, some 250 nules away. 



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It has been surmised that such animals continued to be domesticated by the sedentary Indians 

 of Arizona and !N"ew Mexico down to historic days and became extinct only wIkmi the more service- 

 able European sheep was introduced by the Spaniards. This surmise is based on certain state- 

 ments found in the works of early writers and explorers who speak of the Pueblo Indians having 

 a coarse cloth, something like woolen cloth, and having small wool-bearing animals domesticated 

 in their houses. But Prof. Bandelier, who has studied the early documentary evidence rehiting 

 to the Southwest more thoroughly, no doubt, than any other living student, discredits the modern 

 existence of these animals. In a letter to the writer he shows that we have only hearsay testimony 

 as to their existence and concludes with these words : " If there has ever been a llama, guanaco, or 

 vicuiia, known to the Southwestern Indians, it became extinct .long previous to the sixteenth cen- 

 tury." Fossil bones of an animal of this family have been found in the Southwest; but its bones 

 were not ideiititied in the Salado ruins. 



L'. In several ]tlaces among the ruins, on the floors of the houses, near the walls (as if they 

 had fallen from the latter), were seen peculiar groups of stones, consistiug of three globoid and one 

 ovoid i)ebble. These are thought to have been the stones of holan such as are now used in South 

 America to catch wild or half domesticated animals. The buckskin cases and thongs which con- 

 nected the stones are supposed to have decayed, like all similar inaterial in the ruins. The presence 

 of these stones would, in itself, be insullicient evidence of the use oibolas among this people, but 



