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MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



u])on the opposite bank, from Zufli, of that meager and inconstant desert streamlet known as the 

 Zuni Eiver and in the neighborhood of honses occupied by the present ultra-urban population of 

 the Zuiii tribe. 



Explorations were conducted in other ruins in the neighborhood. Some slight digging was 

 done in those on the top of Inscription Eock ; but the most work was accomplished at Heshota- 

 iithla, a ruin on the road to Wingate, some 12 miles in a northwesterly direction from Zuni. 

 Heshota-iithla was in its day a comjiactly buUt, many-storied stronghold of stone containing a 



Fio. a2. —Zuiii to-iTiia, ruiua of Cibola and otker ruins, 



population of probably more than a thousand people. It was not one of the Seven Cities ; but, 

 according to the traditions (corroborated by archa'ological investigation) of the Zuni Indians, it 

 was occupied by their people in a remote antiquity. From this ruin was derived the greater part 

 of the "Cibola" skeletons described in the second part of the following report. 



In preparing this introduction, the writer has had access to some of Mr. Cushing's notes, 

 especially to the original manuscript of a paper contributed to the Berlin meeting of the Congress 

 of Americanists in October, 1S88, and he has consulted a pamphlet entitled "The old New World," 

 an account of the explorations of the Hemeuway Southwestern Archa-ological Expedition in 



