MKMOIKS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SOIKNOHS. 17JJ 



ami tin- al iiial, lifcaiisr the oiTipital distortion is t'oiintl in the skiillsol'so many olOur Ami-ri 



<aii races, ami ln'caiisc it is Itlt that its tau'liil study liy m<asuiciiifiit may iVL-iitiially provi- ol' 

 •jieat value in compaiinn tin- rao»'s. In sonu' cases, however, sci»anitc tables have been ananj;c<l 

 lor the apparently normal skulls, wliieh are desif^nated as lollows: Numbers II. 7, 11. 12, II. 15, 

 II. IS, 11. lit, ll.l'l, n.l!.i, II. 25, II. 26, II. 34,11. .50,11. 3!»,n. 40, n. 44,11. 51,11. 57. (SeeTables 

 IV ami V). 



<> 9. POSITION OF JIAXIMIM OCCiriTAL I'OINT. 



A feature, i>robably the eflVet of oeeii)ital distortion, whieh is usual in these skulls is the ele- 

 vated position of the maximuiu cucipital ])oint. In 50 specimens in which the position of the 

 lambda may be determined, we liud that the maximum occipital ])oint lies above it in 10, and atit 

 or less than 5""" below it in 10 more. In other words, tlic maximum occiiiital point lies witlumt 

 the occipital bone in 20 i)er cent of the specimens and is barely includeil in the latter in another 

 20 per cent. In 3 of the former 10 skulls the point is seen in the rejfion of the obelioii. In the 

 remaininf^ 30 skulls, while it is found on the occipital bone, it is usually found liiK'h on it. In only 

 5 eases (10 per cent of all) does the jioint appear in the region of that usually ill-defined locality, 

 in these skulls, the iuion. 



* 10. THE LENGTH-BREADTM INDEX. 



The equality in this collection of the cephalic index of Broca to the length-breadth index of 

 the Frankfort agreement is remarkable and is due no doubt to the occipital flattening. The 

 maximum occipital point being unusually elevated by reason of the flattening (§ 9), it often coin- 

 cides, or nearly coincides, with the posterior extremity of the German horizontal length, thus ap- 

 proximating the only factors of these two indices that differ. In 13* out of 47 cases these two 

 indices are exactly equal to one another; in one-halft of the 34 remaining cases the indices differ 

 less than one unit. According to this index the longest skull is again IT. 23, and it is one of those 

 skulls in which both indices are alike. H. 46 is again the shortest skull, but its horizontal length 

 being .shorter than its greatest length, we have the higher length-breadth index of 90.31. Accord- 

 ing to the " agreement " concerning this index, 3 skulls only are mesocephalic, 8 are brachycei)halic, 

 and 30 are hyperbrachycephalic. The average, chisely approximating that of the analogous ver- 

 tico-transverse index, is 88.75, an extreme grade of braehyccphaly. 



In 10 instances! we have the confusing record of a vertico-transverse index higher than a 

 jength-breadth index. This involves the paradox of a length greater than the maxinuim length. 

 A reference to measurements 6 and 7, in Table i, will show, furthermore, that such is our actual 

 entry in the cases where footnotes are referred to. This apparent inconsistency arises from the 

 following conditions: First, the occiputs of these .skulls are so distorted that one side of them pro- 

 jects posteriorly beyond not only the other side but beyond any point in the posterior part of the 

 sagittal plane, so that the profile of the skull does not correspond in outline to a section in the 

 sagittal plane, llence, second, the longest dimension parallel to the horizontal plane is not in the 

 sagittal plane. We do not, however, measure directly from the glabella to the most prominent 

 side of the occiput, which would give us an oblique measurement, but by means of the vertical 

 l»lates 6{ Spengel's craniometer we measure that which is a line i)arallel to the sagittal plane but 

 lying to one side of it. Imagining this line to be projected upon the sagittal plane, we reckon our 

 indices according to the accepted formula. We might have so modified the results or the modes 

 of measurement as to remove this discrepancy fiom the record, but we considered it more candid 

 as well as more scientific to give the results as originally determined. 



$ 11. THE VERTICAI. INDICES. 

 The occii)ital dei>ression referred to not only directly shortens the anteroposterior diameter, 

 but increases the height and width of the skulls actually as well as comparatively. As a conse- 

 quence, not only is the cej)halic index very large throughout the group, but the vertical indices 

 are correspondingly exaggerated. 



• No8. H. 3, H. .5. H. fi, H. 7, II. 11, II. 12, H. 14, H. 18, H. 23, H. 32. H. 44, H. .52, H. 55. 



t No9. H.9, II. i:!, H. 15, II. IG. H.21, U.2n,n.2G, 11.27, H :M, M.Sn, 11.36, 11.37, H. II, H. 



t Nos. H. 9, U. li), II. 21, II. 25, H. 28, II. 40, H. 42, II. .".3, H. 56, H. 57. 



