MI'.MDIKS OF THE NATIONAL ACADK.MV OF SCllOXCEH. 1H7 



In an article ontitlod '' Naclitrag /ur Anatomic dcr SchadclnJihtf.'," by Dr. E. Zurkerkandl,* 

 in a scrit'Bof i:U skulls, mostly Negroes, Negritos, and Malays, we lind tlie following notable east-s: 



No. ItS: Indian (Amerieanf), sagittal suture obliieratrd in places. No .symistosis of eorwnai, 

 lambdoid, or mastoid suttires. 



No. 104: IVruvian, sagittal totally obliterated; otiu'r sutures open. 



No. iL't: Alfuru, sagittal t>blit<ialiil in plaees; other sutures open. 



No. I'JS: Javanese woman, sagittal totally synoslost-d; otiier sutures open. 



In none of these cases doe.s the author note a senile appearance of a skull, as seems to have 

 been done when required throughout the article. 



Unfortunately we do not possess a copy of l>r. Davis's wuiUf on synostosisof cranial suliiies 

 where this subject is discussed, lie icfers to it. however, in ills "Tliesaurus Craniorum," wliicih 

 we quote : 



I buve • • • - • ^tumti-ti out t\iat scitphoccphaliKm ill far from hiiiiti the usual rcHiill of the early viiiiification 

 of the lagittal suture. Thi» positiuii is iiiaiiitaiucd by an aualyNis of tli<> twciity-scviMi skiillM in this collection whifh 

 present no apin-araucp of sagittal siituii', l)iit only four of which arr true itruphinTiihali.i 



Continuing, lie refers particularly lo four of these cases of synostosis, which we <juote accord- 

 ingly, onlitting the mea.surements. 



No. 100: African nej;ro, male, a-t. c. 30; presents a complete obliteration of the sagittal Kiiture bnt no 8ca))ho 

 cephulhm or other deformity. The aliaphenoids and parietals only ju.st touch. 



No. 378. rokomame; imperfect ealv. « • » a.i instance of premature ossification of the sagittal sutiiro 

 which is totally obliterated. The other sutures are all open. • » • In the synostosis of the parietals in the case 

 of a calvariuni artilicially deformed in so extreme a degree and in a direction running parallel to the sagittal suture ; 

 it is, I believe, unique. There is not the slightest approach to scaphocephalism. 



No. 915: Australian, female, a-t. c. 17. This small cranium is synostotic from premature obliteration of the 

 sagittal suture, which has not materially changed its form. It can not be denominated scaphocephalic at all. It 

 exhibits marks of old injuries on the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones, and has no spheuo-p.arietal sutures. 



No. 780: Fatuhivan, male, »'t. c. 17. This calvarinm of a young subject is very large, thin, and in appear.ance 

 swollen ont .as if it had been hydrocephalic. It is also synostotic, the sagittal suture being totally obliterated; yet 

 the calvarinm is not scaphocephalic, nor indeed deformed in any way.$ 



5 18. THE INCA BONE AND ALLIED FORMATIONS.!! 



Perhaps the most interesting feature discovered in this series is the great prevalence of the 

 luca bone and its kindred anomalies. This was flist observed by Dr. Woftmau while he was 

 engaged in collecting and preserving the bones as they were exhumed at Camp Hemenway in the 

 Salado Valley iu 1887. He had, however, uo opportunity in the tield for making a careful study 

 and determining the comparative frequency of the anomalies; besides, the bones when unearthed 

 were in .such a friable condition that they could not properly be examined until they were 

 strengthened and repaired. Since they have been repaired at the Army Medical Museum we have 

 found, among complete skulls and fragments, a series of 88 occipital bones in a sufficient state of 

 preservation to be examined for these formations. 



We need not enter into an elaborate description of these anomalies, nor discuss at length their 

 morphological characters. Such elaboration is not within the general plan of our work. The 

 accompanying illustrations will, we hopi^, .serve to make clear to the reader, when the text may 

 be too concise, the full meaning of the terms we employ. Those who desire to consult the original 

 authors whom we have followed are referred to the works of Yirchow,11 Anoutchiue,** and 

 Topinard.tt 



' Ziickrrkanfll, E. in Mittheilungen der Anthropologishen Gcsellschaft in Wien, Band iv, 1874, p. 144 <•< seq. 



t Davis: On synostotic crania among Aboriginal Kaces of Man. llaarliiii, lt<G5. 



{Davis: Thesaurus Craniorum, London, 18li7, p. 57. 



«Davis, op. cit., pp. 195, 235, 261, and 321. 



!| Much of the material in this section has appeared previously in an article, by the author, entitled " The Inca 1 

 and kindred formationsamougtheaucient Arizonians." American Anthropologist, Washington, D. C, Vol. ii, p. 

 (October, 1889). 



flVimaiow: Ueber einigo Merkmalo nieden-r Xlenschenrassen am Scliiidel. lierliu, lS7.'i. Zeitschrift filr 1 

 nologie, v. 20. 1888, p. 470. 



"• Revuod'anthropologie, 1883, p. 110 (Review). 



H Op. cit., p. 769, p. 791, foot note. 



