MKMdlKS OF TIIK NATIONAI, ACADEMY Ol-' SCIKNCKS. 2'M 



latter. Tliey an^ the saine ainoiiy; tlie (Mbolans as they are in races witJi hnifc lieads who have no 

 praetiees that result in tiatteiiiii};. For instance, aceordinn to Topinard,* the averajjce angle of 

 Dauhenton is among Es(iuiniau.\, Hottentots, and Australians «o, and among Javanese, Polyne- 

 sians, and New C'aledtmians 7°, while among the Gibolans it is intermediate between these two, 

 or (iA"". lint it must bo stated that Topinard omits tiaetions. 



MO. I'KOCKS.SKS AT UASE OF SKULL. THE INION. CIBOLA. 



In general, the processes at the base of the skull are somewhat more i)roinineut in the Cibolan 

 than in the Saladoan skulls. This is particularly noticeable in the case of the inion, or, more 

 properly speaking, the superior curved line in the region of tlie inion. 



We have estimated the degree of projection of tiie inion iiuUrectly from orthogonal drawings 

 of the occiput. These drawings represent the must [)r<)iniiient points, wliether they be in the 

 sagittal plane or not. Hence if any part of the superior curved lino of the occiput be more promi- 

 nent than the inion proper, it is that which is represented upon the drawing and comjjared with 

 the standard. Tiiis greater prominence of the superior curved line at one side of the insertion of 

 the ligamentum nucha' is met with several times (well marked in 8 cases; see Table lxxxvi) in 

 the .skulls under discussion. In general, the inion does not project much downward as a free proc- 

 ess from the occiput, but is part of a largo elevated bone area, (juite distinct, and corresponding 

 to the median part of the superior curved line. In short, it is the insertion of the trajjozius muscle 

 rather than the insertion of the ligamentum nuchse which is exaggerated. 



This greater prominence of the iuial region of the Cibolan over the Saladoan skulls may be 

 due to the fact that the pressure which flattened the skulls seems to have been exerted in the 

 former entirely on a surface above the inion, while in the latter it was usnally on a surface which 

 included the inion. This remark must be taken in connection with what we have said in § 9. 



In the Sahidoan skulls none of the iuia are more prominent than Broca's No. 1. In the Cibolan 

 skulls (see Tables LXXXVI and Lxxxvii) 12outof 32, or three-eighths of all, correspond with higher 

 numbers of Broca's scale. There is one which we consider as equaling his No. 4. 



i il. THE PTEKION. CIBOLA. 



We have found in this series 40 pteria which admitted of measurement. They are equally 

 distributed between the right and left sides. Eighteen skulls have both i)teria intact. Tliej' arc 

 all of the form •' pterion in H," but two are complicated with epipteric bones. (See Table 



LXXXVIII.) 



The longest right pterion is 18"""; the longest left pterion, 24"""'. There are two pteria of the 

 riglii side measuring 9""", but none measuring less. There are two of the left side measuring 

 7""", and this is the minimum of the whole group. The average length of the right is 14.G0""", of 

 the left 13.55 °"", of all 14.07""" . These averages are higher than those of Salado. 



In the Cibola, as in the Salado group, there are but two jiteria less than 8™"' in length, but, as 

 the Cibolan series is greater, it shows a smaller peiceutage, which is only 5. 



Placing the above figure along with Anoutchine's tables, previously quoted, we find that the 

 Peruvians have of all races the smallest percentage (3.4) of i)teria — less than 8""" in length; 

 that the Cibolans come next, with 5 per cent; the Saladoans third, with 0.5 per cent; the " People 

 of the Caucasus, Turkestan, and Turko-Finnish " fourth, with 6.9 per cent, and that all other races 

 have higher percentages, the highest being the Australians and Tasmanians, 24.G per cent. 



Like the Saladoans, the Cibolans show no frontal apophyses at the pterion, and they show 

 but two epipteric bones (."> per cent), less even than the Peruvians, whose per cent (6) is the lowest 

 on Anoutchine's table of 10 series. 



In making this comparison it should be remembered that both of the series described in this 

 rejjort are much smaller than any of Anoutchine's, his lowest Australians and Tasmanians being 

 102. 



' TOPINABD : Op. cit., p. 814. 



