APPENDIX K 



rRAXKIMIVrKICAL IllIiKi 'TMNS OK Till: I'RANKI'rKT A(;i;r.r.MF,NT.- Arr.rST. 1K81' 



in full, witli tlic 



ipf. 



tiers, otc, wliich 



'rimsc wliicli we iiso aro Ihmc 



tlioy hear in the original work. 



Horizontal plaTie of oraniuni indicated by two lines connecting Mie lowest points of the horders 



of the orbits with the ujjper margins of tlie mcati autlHorii at points jjerpendicnhirly above their 



centers. 



1. Horizontal lenglh from the central point between the superciliary ridpes to the most i)rominent 

 part of the occiput on a level with the horizontal jilane measured with calijjers. The 

 horizontal length (L, Figs. 1 and 2) is nu^asnred i)arallel to the horizontal plane, and the 

 taking of this measurement shall be by means of the sliding calipers or Spengel's craniometer. 

 \Vhy this is ncvessary is significantly sliown in Fig. 12. If one takes tliis measurement with 

 tlie ordinary calipers, especially on a very long skull with strongly projecting occiput, the 

 result is too small if the measurement is not continued to the tangent, which, rising vertically 

 from the horizontal plane, touches the farthest point of the occiput. This can be done only 



Fl<:. 



with one of the above mentioned instruments. Indeed, even in their use experience is 

 necessary, and repeated control-experiments. In skulls with full round occiputs the taking 

 of this measurement has no difiiculties. As Fig. 1 shows, the most ))rqjecting point lies in 

 the same height as the anterior end of L. Eesxjecting this latter point on the glabella 

 (marked S in Fig. 2) a mistake is impossible. Always put the measuring iusti'ument in the 

 median line, therefore, between the superciliary ridges whenever they are separated. As 

 to the (/rcatcst length (gr. L, Fig. 2), it is apparent, upou a comparison of Figs. 1 and 2, that 

 a ditierence between this and the horizontal length can only occur in skulls with very 

 prominent occiputs. In the full, rounded occiput of Fig. 1 both lengths are identical. The 

 .sliding calipers and ordinary calipers, accurately applied, give then the same result. In the 

 extreme case taken in Fig. 2 the difference, with a length of 206'"'" for the brain capsule, 

 ainiiunts to .5""". Also, the skull length measured from the line of the frontal protuberance, 

 the intert liberal length, coincides in its results very nearly with the greatest length and 

 horizontal length, especially in brachicrejthalic skulls with well-rounded foreheads. 



• Archiv fiir Aiitliroiiologie, Ud. xv, 1884, pp. 1-8. 



281 



