74 



MEMOIES OF THE >^ATIOyAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



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the sack-bearing /I r?e/a viridella (fig. 7), wliicli has similar culaiguil dorsal and lateral i)lates, not 

 only on the thoracic bixt also on the abdoininal segment (lig. '.M-i). 



The pupa of Hepialus is said by Chapman to differ from that of Tortrix, 

 "in having the third abdominal segment free, but in a peculiar and modi- 

 fied manner," etc. He does not refer to the mouth-parts. I also add a 

 figure of the front of the head of the pupa of Hepialus liuiiiuU, which, with 

 that of G'hioius virescens, froni New Zealand, I owe to the kindness of 

 Ur. T. xilgernou Chapman. The structure of the head is very peculiai\ 

 On the vertex are prominent callosities, giving strength to the head iu 

 breaking out of the cell. The eye is large, divided by a distinct line, the 

 outer part of the eye more or less corrugated. Directly under the eye are the 

 large triangular maxillary palpi (fig. 31,4 mj-.jK). The maxilhe themselves 

 are short, but not shown iu the figure. The clypeal region is narrow, with 

 tubercles and rugosities; the labrum is scarcely 

 differentiated from the front edge of the clypeus, 

 but is slightly bilobate on the base. On each side 

 are what I call the paraclypeal pieces or sclerites 

 (/*.), of the homology of which I am not sure, unless 

 they are identical with the tubercles seen in most 

 Lepidoptera on each side of the labrum, and for- 

 merly regarded as the mandibles. It is present, 

 though small and reduced, iu Hejiialus. The labial 

 palpi (mjcJ I).) are large and wide, and divided at 

 the end. 



Fig. 31;, represents the head of CEiwtiis ri)r.'<rcns 

 Doubleday. Tlie paraclypeal pieces are not differen- 

 tiated : while the labrum appears to be slightly dis- 

 tinct from the (dypeus, and excavated in the middle 

 of the front edge, the labial palpi {iii.r.' j)-) ai'C very 

 short; the maxillary palpi are as iu Hepialus. 



The underside of the end of the body of this 

 pupa, including abdominal segments 8 to 10, is represented by fig. 31;; on the eighth segment is 

 the well-developed toothed ridge, while each side of the segment is irregularly dentate. On the 

 ninth segment (IX) are the rudiments of the male genital opening of the moth, a longitudinal 

 scar situated between the usual two tubercles, while the vestiges of the anal legs of the larva 

 (n. I.) are represented by the longitudinal flattened tubercles inclosing the scar or vestige of the 

 anus. 



I have examined the pupa of the Australian Oacopera liitrlcata (fig. 33) (in the specimen 

 figured the right antenna- was nearly obsolete) and of the Mexican Phassus tfianf/ularls H. Edw., 

 all of which present some remarkable generalized features. In Oneopera the labial palpi [mx.') 

 are visible; the entire piece is very wide at the base, and is divided at the middle into the two 

 palpal cases. Between it and the deeply lobed labrum is a piece, unless the two lobes are the 

 paraclypeal pieces, of the nature of which I am uncertain. Is it the homologue of the eye collar; 

 and if so, are the two lateral portions the maxillary palpi ? The maxillse themselves {inx) are well 

 developed, but at their base are divided by an impressed line, representing a portion which I am 

 unable to name. The three pairs of feet are easily identified. The outer division of the eye is 

 large, and the cocoon -breaker, consisting of two solid thick ridges on the vertex, adapted for 

 breaking out of its cell in the tree it inhabits, are well marked. Abdominal segments 3-7 are 

 free in the <J , and on 3 to 6 is a row of spines at each end; on segments 7 and 8 there are four 

 transverse rows of stout spines, and on 9 two rows of small spines. There is no cremaster. On 

 the underside of segment 8 is a row of about fifteen stout spines, and vestiges of three pairs of 

 abdominal legs are distinct. The pupa is provided on the abdomen with a few long seta^. 



The pupa of Phassus (fig. 31) is lemarkable. The larva boies into a very hard tree, according 

 to the late Mr. H. Edwards, who kindly gave me a specimen of the i)npa. The head is remarkably 



Fig. 34.— Pupil of Phat^sus triamjularis; A, cml <tl' lnuly. 



