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MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



I sliould regard Iiio (Triprocris) as a more generalized genus than Zygrena. Judging 

 from tlie venation, Harrisina has undergone a little more modification tlian Ino; Pyromin-plia 

 also seems rather more primitive than Zyga'na. I see no reason for regarding I'yromorpha as 

 the tyi)e of a distinct family. 



I have only the i)upa of HarrisUiu americaiia (fig. 42) and of two 

 sjjecies of Zygar'na to examine, but with this scanty material, that of 

 Harrisina seems to be the more generalized I'orm, that of Zygrena the 

 more specialized. As Zygivna does not occur in America, but is an 

 Eurasian and African genus, it is possible that in its generalized Zyga-nid 

 fauna America, as in other groujis of animals, has lagged behind Euro])e, 

 Zygajna, with its numerous species, being a more advanced or specialized 

 type brought into existence by more favorable oondition.s. 



Orif/in of the LitlwxiiiUv. — It seems to me that the group of forms 

 usually referred to the Lithosiida', but which are nearest to the Tincina, 

 is that represented by En;pmia (Eustixis, Mieza), Gita, and Tantura 

 ( I'enthetria), as the imagines of these genera, whether we consider the shajie 

 of the head and body, antenme, and legs, or the venation and shape of 

 the wings, are the nearest to the Tiueida' and ajipear to form a family 

 "f Tineoid moths. Indeed. 

 Ena-mia is now referred to the 

 Tineina of the family Hypo- 

 nomeutida', and possibly the 

 Lithosiida' originated from that 

 family or from a group stand- 

 ing between it and the Pro- 

 doxida'. 



The pup;e have the long, 

 narrow head and eyes of Tine- 

 ina. The eye-collar is wanting, 

 but vestiges of the labial palpi 

 are present, and also vestiges of 

 the paraclypeal pieces. Judg- 

 ing by the venation, Euiemia 

 is the more generalized and 

 Tantura the more modified 

 genus. The pupa of GUia aurea 

 (fig. -13) in the head characters 

 is rather more generalized than that of Tantura, the 

 labial ])alpi being a little larger and the base of the 

 maxilhe more flaring, as if forming rudimentary eye- 

 collars or palpi; but the abdomen and its end is 

 much more specialized than in Tantura, as it is 

 long, slender, conical, and ends in a well-developed 

 cremaster, provided with curved seta?, adapting it for 

 retaining its hold in its slight cocoon. In general 

 appearance and structure it is like a Geometrid pujia, 

 resembling one also in its markings, having longitu- 

 dinal stripes. In Tantura (fig. 44) the shape of the 

 abdomen is more generalized, there being no cremaster, but hooked set* enabling it to retain its 

 hold within its beautiful loose basket-like cocoon. 



It is probable that these genera descended from some broad-winged Tineina, and possibly 

 from the Prodoxida' ; Hyponooieuta, and especially Argyresthia, appear to be later, more specialized 

 forms. 



Fig. 43. — Pupa of QUta aurea. 

 drawn from .t cast skin. 



Flo. «.— Pupa of Tantura j>arviila. .sliowing Uie labial 

 palpi on the in.side. A, view of liearl and hooked setje ; 

 A c^, end of bodj- of cf ; B, another pupa. 



