162 MEMOIKS OF THE >^ATIOXAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



diverging tubes, out of wbicli the spray is probal)ly forced. Their ends do not reacb to the sides 

 and are uot visible from tbeiu, but the ghiud is much as tliat of Cerura as figured by Poidton 

 (Traus. Eot. Soc. Loudou, 1887, I'l. X, tig, 7.) 



Stage III. — August G. Leiigtli, 11 mm. The head is now pale amber, but still dusky on the 

 vertex, and it is also still wider than the body. On each side of the body is a iaiut whitish 

 subdorsal line. The " caudal horu" is dark brown, uow nearly as long as the eighth segment is 

 thick vertically. The horu is slightly retractile in this stage, and the base is movable, being 

 capable of withdrawal and extension and is distinctly uutaut, the apex sometimes hanging over 

 backward. The sides of the body along the base of both the thoracic and abdominal legs are 

 uow dark reddish chocolate brown, being of the same color as the horn. 



The lateral yellow line (s well marked. The body beneath is pale green. The spiracles forui 

 a dark dot surrounded by pale greenish. 



Stajje IV. — Length, 20 nun. August 25. The body is now thicker than before. The head 

 is distinctly bilobed, rounded, uari'owing a little toward the vertex. The candal horu is uow 

 larger, higher, and more acute than in the preceding stage; it is freelj' elevated or allowed to fall 

 over backward, is soft and flexible, but very slightly 'retractile, and bears a few scattered Hue 

 bristles. It has a blackish shatle extending up from a poiut above the last spiracle to the apex, 

 which is dark. The body is chocolate colored; the head redder, flnely juottled with paler 

 reddish. The suraiuil plate is well rounded behind, the surface roughened, with no piliferous 

 warts, and this and the anal legs are more reddish than the body, being of a reddish pink hue. 

 The sx)iracles are much larger thau iu Stage III, and are blackish, surrounded by a broad, pale, 

 flesh-colored ring. The middle abdominal legs have a sliiuiug chitinous black patch above ihe 

 planta, there being no such patch on the anal legs. The thoracic legs are dark, pitchy amber. 



Mature larva. — Length, 40 mm. The head is usually of the reddish color of the body, but 

 lighter and mottled. Now all the characters of the larva are assumed. The body is of a peculiar 

 pearly hue, with a porcelain like polish, the head being of the same tint as the body. The head 

 is smooth, not (piite so wide as the protlioracic segment, which is nuich smaller than the 

 somewhat swollen second thoracic segment. All the segments are slightly swollen in the middle. 

 The eighth abdominal segment is swollen dorsally, and is surmounted by a high, rather stitf, well- 

 developed horn, which is uot granulated, but somewhat annnlated; it is black, this tint exteuding 

 as a black lateral line below and l)ehind tlie spiracle. The suranal plate is of peculiar shape, 

 being long crescentic, and bearing a small knob iu front, tlie surface of the whole plate being 

 coarsely granulated, rnst-red, becoming greenish in front. The thoracic feet are deep amber-red 

 or salmon color. Of the abdominal feet the hrst four pairs are large and thick, conical, blackish 

 in the middle, while the aual i)air are very small, with a rust-red callous spot externally. On the 

 underside of the abdominal segments is an irregalar greenish median line. Spiracles conspicuous, 

 black, ringed with yellowish white or nearly white. One observed August oO, immediately after 

 molting, had a very large head, nearly twice as wide as the slender body, and the suranal plate 

 was enormous, very wide in jiroportiou to the width of the body. Horn freely movable, wrinkled 

 around the base, very black, and the black line on each side descends nearly to the spiracle, and 

 is very distinct ou the purplish reddish skin. 



Bceapit Illation. — 1. (Congenital characters.) The median dorsal tubercle or incipient "horn" 

 on the eighth abdominal segment is in Stage I plainly seen to be double, the result of the 

 coalescence aud specialization of what were originally two dorsal warts. In Stage II this 

 tubercle becomes a well-developed, high, conical, fleshy horn. 



2. (Acquired or adaptatioual characters). The protlioracic plate of Stage I disappears in 

 Stage II. 



;i. Appearance in Stage II of the dark reddish brown spots an<l band ou the sides of the body. 



1. Appearance iu Stage III of traces of a whitish subdorsal line, while the lateral yellow line 

 is well marked. 



5. Horn in Stage IV becoming unich as in the last stage, though more flexible. 



Cocoon. — While Mi: CJoodhne states that "the transformation takes place in a slight cocoon of 

 dead leaves fastened together with a few silken threads, on the surface of the ground, much in the 

 niauuer of Barapsa myron," Mr. Tepper remarks that the caterpillar enters the ground to pupate. 



