MEMOIIIS OF TIIK NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 275 



the second. Ou tlie sixth :il)(U>miiial segnieut is a transversely oblong- spot. (These sjjots were 

 all eonnecteil in Edwards's and Elliot's specimens.) Along- tlie baek of segments 7 to 10 is an 

 elongated dnnibbell-shaped sj)ot, the contraction in the middle of the si)ot ocenrring on tlie baek 

 of the eighth segment: the sjxit terminates on the end of the snranal phite, which is sqnarely 

 docked at the end. 



The stemai)ods, or anal lilanu-ntal legs, are reddish at the base abosc and beneath, with two 

 pale rings beyond the middle, the Hagellnm being reddish lilac. There is a lilac-red spot at the 

 base of the thoracic and abdominal legs, one near the origin of each leg, and one on the .sides of 

 abdominal segments 7-9; besides these, reddish, lilac dots are elsewhere scattered over the sides 

 of the body. The paranal lobes and the excrementiferons In'istles are well developed. 



The larva of this species ditfers from that of G. horcalls and occidfjitdliK in the less connccte<l 

 and narrower dorsal lilac red patches, and in the end of the snranal [date being sqnarer, that of 

 C. occidciitalis being somewhat ronnded behind. It is more nearly allied to C. occidcniaJls than to 

 C. borcaUs. 



Cocoon. — ''Formed on a piece of wood, tirst of gummy silk, which is strengthened by many 

 little pieces of wood bitten oft" from inside. When finished it is elliptical, quite Inu'd, and of the 

 color of the wood or bark on which it is made. Length, about 30 mm.; width. 13 mm." (Dyar.) 



Pupn. — "Cylindrical, tapering slightly at both extremities, somewhat tiattened. Color, pale 

 brown, venter yellowish, and a dark dorsal line. Wing and leg-cases greenish. Abdomen very 

 minutely punctured. Wing-cases creased. Length, 18 mm.; width, 6 mm." (Dyar.) The fore- 

 going description refers to the Californian form cinercoidcs. Dyar states that the cocoon of the 

 Eastern cinerea is "constructed on bark of gummy silk and bits of bark and v/ood, like that of 

 the other species of Cernra." (P. 81.) 



Jliihits. — Its general appearance and habits are, so far as known, the same as in C. occi- 

 dvntalls and horenlix. Dyar states that " the eggs are laid singly; the larva hatches by eating 

 a hole in the side, but does not devour the rest of the shell." Dyar, speaking of the Californian 

 form, states that " the duration of the tirst larval stages was from three to six days, the last 

 two seven days. The pupa state lasts through the winter." 



The larva represented ou PI. XXXVI. figs, -t, 4rt, occurred on the poplar at Brunswick, Me., 

 August 30. 



Itiley (MS.) states that the eggs are laid in June, the moths appearing in April, May, June,. 

 July, and August, while the larva is found in June and in Seiitember. 



Food plant. — Different species of willow and poplar. 



Geographical distnliiitioii. — This species apparently has the widest geographical range, with 

 consequent greater variability, of any of our species, probably extending farther south, into- 

 Mexico and Guatemala, than C. ficolopendrlna, and thus ranging through the entire North 

 American region, including the cold temperate subregiou and warm temperate subregion, and the 

 humid and arid jirovinces of the latter, as will be seen by the following localities: Boston, Mass. 

 (Harris); Brunswick, Me. (Packard); New York (Edwards, Elliot, Dyar); New Jersey (Palm); 

 riattsburg, N. Y. (Hudson); Canada, New York, Maryland, Ohio (vars. cinereoides, paradoxa,. 

 mcridionali.s), California (French); t^tah, dark form (Westcott); Florida (^Mrs. Slosson); Franconia, 

 N. H., "a little darker than the Florida ones" (Mrs. Slosson); Colorado (Bruce); Fort Collins, 

 Colo., June i'l (Baker); Denver, July 14 (Gillette); Manhattan, Kans., June 10-17, of normal, 

 not very pale, color (Popenoe); N^ew Y'ork, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Washington, I). C. (United 

 States National Museum), Jalapa, Mexico, San Geroniino, Guatemala. Mr. Druce remarks: 

 " The specimens I somewhat doubtfully refer to this species are very much stained. So far as I 

 am able to see, they appear to be almost identical in the markings of the primaries with Walker's 

 type." (P. 241.) 



Dyar's var. cinereoides was collected at Los Angeles, Cal., and also at ]\Iiles City, ^lont. 



The jiale form, paradoxa Behr, is from among the mountains of Nevada County, Cal. C. 

 nivea, whiter than any other form and without the marginal black spots, was collected at El 

 Paso, Tex., on the liio Grande Biver, and Mr. Palm's example (collected June. 1890) is from the 

 Virgin liiver, southern Utah, in a hot, dry region, and its white color is evidently the result of 

 the action of bright sunlight, heat, and dryness. 



