lis (Intestine). 

 Monliysteridae. 

 (.I) f>(/i)ii^ibi«,s- crti — Wliiilo (Baleen)- 



(0) Monhi/stira cambari — Crawfish (Gills). 



(7) Tripiilium carcinicoliim — OBcnrcinii.i lalntilis 



(Gills). 

 Myenoliidac 



(5) iljifiichiis 6o^■f/l(ll— l.eocliea (MiiscU- i!c con- 

 iioctivo tissue). 



I'll, Ho not repioduoo in linst. 



aaa. First tliree larval stages fror liviiiK. 

 .\iieylostoniatidae 



(1) ".•lnc.i//(wft)Hi(i (luodcnale — M.ui ^Snlall intes- 



tine). 

 Triehostrongylidae 



(2) IIuimoncliKS cniitortiis — Sheep (Abomasum). 



(3) Osiraltiocru:ia fitiformis — .\mplul)ians (In- 

 testine). 



Syngamidae 



(4) Si/tinaiiiiiK Irachra — Poult ly (Broiulii or 

 trachea) [Invertebrate, annelid, mollusc nr 

 insect transport host facultative]. 



(5) OUulanim tricuspid — Cats (Stomach), 

 fist moult in parent worm.] 



Metastron^ylidae 



(6) Dicli/ocdiilitu filaria — Sheep (Bronchi). 

 (.Vnnelid transport host facultative; 1st - 

 larval stages do not feed.] 



Cosmocercidae 



(7) Cosnwccrcoidr.i <hilui — .\m])hibians and 

 snails (Intestine). 



l)bb. Eggs infective to host. 

 Thelastomatidae 



(1) I.iidijtirma appendicutattim — Pfiiplaiicia 

 amcricana (Intestine). 



(2) Psrniloni/mnus spirotheca — HtidrnphUiis pic- 

 ens (Intestine). 



Oxyuridae 



(3) Enierobiiis r^ermicularix — >ran (Appendix, 

 caecum). 



(4) Oxyuris eqtii — Equines (Colon). 

 Heterakidae 



(n) Hctcralis paUinae — Poultry (Intestine), 

 (fi) Ascaridia galli — Poultry (Intestine). 

 Ascarididae 



(7) Ascaris himbricoidcs — Man (Intestine). 

 Trichuridae 



(8) CapiUaria columbae — Pigeons (Small intes- 

 tine). 



(9) Trichnris Irichiura — Man (Caecum). 



B Heteroxenous (Two or more animal hosts in life cycle). 

 a. Eggs infective to intermediate host. 

 Metastrongylidae 



(1) iletaxtronfjyhis clntigafiix — Earthworms — 

 Swine (Lung). 



Heterakidae 



(2) Subulura brumpti — Various insects — Poul- 

 try (Cecum). 



Ascarididae 



(3) Haphidnsrnri-a canadrnxis — Ernf/otr nymphs 

 — Minnows — Eunx liiciiin (Intestine). 2 in- 

 termediate hosts, mandatory. 



Thelaziidae 



(4) Gongi/Ionema pulclinim — Beetles, roaches — 

 Pig, sheep, deer (Esophagus and mouth). 



(')) Spirocerca liipi — Dung beetles — Dog (Esoph- 

 agus). 



(6) Ascarnps strongylina — Dung beetles — Swine 

 (Stomach). 



(7) Physocrphalux srxnlatus — Dung beetles — 

 Swine (Stomach). 



Spiruridae 



(8) Tetramercs crami — Araphipods — Duck (Pro- 

 ventriculus). 



Acuariidae 



('.0 ChrUospnma hamulosa — Grasshoppers — 

 Poultry (Gizzard). 



(10) Krhiniiria nncinala — Cladocera (Daphnia) — 

 Duck (Fore and mid-gut). 



(11) Disphoiiinr .npiralis — Isopods — Poultry 

 ( Esophagus iind crop). 



(inathostomatidae 



(12) Ilarlirlia (inUiiianim — Termites — Poultry 

 ( Sni.'ill intestine). 



Trichuridae 



(13) CapiUaria annulala — .\nnelid transport host 

 obligatory — Chickens (Crop). 



Cystoopsidae 



(14) Ci/stoopsis- acipcnxeri — .\mphii)ods — Stur- 

 geons (Skin). 



Eustrongylididae 



(1.")) Jitistrotifnilides ignotu.i — .' Crustacean — Fun- 

 diilii.s diaplianus — Ardea herodiax (Gizzard). 

 Dioctophymatidae 



(16) Dioctophyma renale — ? Crustacean — ? fish 

 — Man, dogs, mink (Kidney). 

 . Larvae infective to intermediate host, 

 aa. Enter final host per os. 

 Dracunculidae 



(1) Dracunculiis medinensis — Cyclops — Man 

 (Under skin). 



Philometridae 



(2) Philnmclra nodulosa — Cyclops — Catostomus 

 cnmmrrsoilii (Lip). 



(3) Philometra fujimotoi — Cyclops — Ophicepha- 

 hts argils (Fin). 



Camallanidae 



(4) CamaHaniis sxoeeti — Cyclops — Ophicephahis 

 gachiia (Intestine). Second intermediate 

 host, small fish? obligatory. 



Pseudaliidae 



(5) Murllrrius capillaris — Molluscs — Sheep and 

 goats (Lung). 



Spiruridae 



(6) Habronema mitscac — Munca domestica — 

 Equines (Stomach). 



(7) Habronema microstoma — Stomoxys spp. 

 — Equines (Stomach). 



(8) Draschia megastoma — 3[ii.ica domestica — 

 Equines (Stomach). 



Gnathostomatidae 



(9) Spiroxys contorta- 

 Turtles (Stomach), 

 host not mandatory. 



(10) Gnathostoma spinigerum — Cyclops — Fish or 

 snakes — Felidae (Stomach). Second inter- 

 mediate host mandatory. 



Ascarididae 



(11) Conlracaecum spiculigerum — Minnows — Car- 

 nivorous fish — Cormorant (Proventriculus). 

 Second intermediate host mandatory. 



(12) Eaphidascaris canadensis — Erogon nymphs — 

 Minnows — Esox iitciiis (Intestine). Second 



intermediate host? mandatory. 

 Trichincllidae 



(13) Trichinella spiralis — Eat, pig, man (Intes- 

 tine). Hosts serve both as intermediate 

 and final host. 



bb. Enter final host through skin. 

 Dipetalonematidae 



(1) Wuchercria bancrofti — Mosquitoes — Man 

 (Lymphatic system). 



(2) Onchocerca volvnlus — Sinuilium damnosiim — 

 Man (Subcutaneous). 



(3) Onchocerca ceriicalis — Ciilicoides nebcculo- 

 sis — Equines (Cervical ligament). 



(4) Dirofilaria immitis — Mosquitoes — Dogs 

 (Heart). 



Cyclops — Minnows — 

 Second intermediate 



245 



