■I'liKATJlKNT FOll llKTKRAKl.S (iAl.1.1 N AK INKKCTION 



Siiisle doses of a lunubor of dviiRs luliiiiMisteiod iirallv will 

 ri'iuove some lieterakiiis but few of tlu'se drupts exliiliit a ilc 

 peudable efficacy. It is probable that in most eases tlie drus 

 does not actually penetrate into the ceca to any great extent. 

 Tlu' flock treatment for Ascaridia with tobacco dust mixed 

 with mash will remove some worms over a period of tinu^ liut 

 results are variable. 



Recently McCuUoch and Nicholson (1940) reported that 

 phenothiazine in doses varying from O.O.") to 1 gram per bird 

 removed :;,0.">li Ilcterakis from 1:2 chickens and failed to re- 

 move 8S0, but of the worms not removed all except 121 had 

 been killed by the action of the drug by the time the birds 

 came to necropsy. Also in repeated doses varying from O.O.'i 

 to 0.5 grams per dose, phenothiazine removed 4,C(>3 worms from 

 l.") chickens. All of the 277 Hctcrakis not removed by the time 

 the birds came to necropsy had been killed by the action of 

 the drug. 



Rectal injections by means of a hard rubber enema syringe 

 of a mixture of 0.1 cc. of oil of ehenopodium in 5 ec. of cot- 

 tonseed oil for a 1..5 pound (080 gram) bird were found by 

 Hall and Shillinger (1923) to remove 90 percent of the heter- 

 akids from chickens. Probably double this dose would be ef- 

 fective for birds weighing 3 pounds (1.36 kgm.) or more. 

 This mixture may be made up at the rate of 1 teaspoonful 

 (4 ce.) of oil of ehenopodium in li fluid ouncQS (180 cc.) of 

 cottonseed oil, and given at the rate of Vs fluid ounce (10 cc.) 

 for birds weighing 3 pounds or more, using a proportionately 

 small dose for smaller birds. The two ingredients should be 

 thoroughly mixed before administration. The tip of the syringe 

 should be passed along the floor of the cloaca and the mix- 

 ture injected slowly. 



TRE.\TMF.N'T FOR ASCARIDIA OOLUMBAE INFECTION 



Carbon tetrachloride in repeated doses of 0.5 to 2 ce. ad- 

 ministered in liquid paraffin on several consecutive days has 

 been found entirely effective in removing these worms from 

 pigeons. Tetrachlorethylene in a dose of 0.6 cc, preceded and 

 followed by sodium sulphate, is said to constitute an effective 

 treatment. 



TRE,\TMENT FOR ASCAKIDIA GALLI INFECTION 

 Various treatments are available in single doses for the re 

 moval of these worms. Tetrachlorethylene in a dose of 1 cc. 

 for average sized birds is very effective. For young chickens, 

 the dose should be reduced in accordance with the weight of 

 the bird. Carbon tetrachloride is not as effective as tetra- 

 chlorethylene but n-butylidene chloride in doses of 2 cc. for 

 adult birds removed all ascarids from test birds. These drugs 

 may be administered in gelatin capsules but care should be 

 taken that the drugs do not enter the lungs. 



Nicotine sulphate combined with Lloyd's alkaloidal reagent, 

 a selected diatomaceous fuller's earth, is a very effective 

 single dose treatment. Recommendations call for the adminis- 

 tration to each bird of a No. 2 capsule containing 35 cgm. 

 (5.45 grains) of a mixture of 6.6 cc. of 40 percent nicotine 

 sulphate solution and 16 grams (4 drams) of Lloyd's reagent. 

 Certain flock treatments are effective for the removal of 

 Ascaridia and obviate the individual treatment of birds. The 

 one recommended first by the California experiment station 

 calls for the addition to the mash of 2 percent by weight of 

 tobacco dust containing at least 1.5 percent of nicotine; this 

 mixture is fed for a period of 3 to 4 weeks and repeated at 

 3-week intervals. For a single flock treatment, the California 

 station recommended the use of 1 teaspoonful of oil of eheno- 

 podium, thoroughly mixed with moist mash, for each lot of 12 

 chickens. 



TREATMENT FOR OXYSPIRURA MANSONI INFECTION 



A treatment which has been found of value consists in the 

 administration of 1 or 2 drops of a 5 percent solution of creo- 

 lin under the nictitating membrane of the eye which is first 

 anaesthetized with cocaine or a 5 percent solution of butyn. 

 The creolin should be washed out promptly with water. The 

 worms killed by the treatment are usually carried down the 

 lacrimal duet. The use of a 10 percent solution of argyrol 

 as a supplementary treatment is of value in relieving the irri- 

 tation and in helping to control concomitant bacterial infection. 



TREATMENT FOR DISPHARYNX SPIR.VLIS INFECTION 

 Whitney (1925) tried carbon tetrachloride and turpentine in 

 pigeons and believed the latter to be more effective. He gave 

 a No. gelatin capsule filled with dry magnesium sulphate 12 

 to 24 hours prior to treatment; one No. capsule of turpen- 

 tine was then given night and morning for 4 days, the last 

 dose being followed by 2 cc. of castor oil. Pigeons treated by 

 this method showed marked clinical improvement. 



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1935. — The effect of starvation on the anthelmintic 

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347 



