J. SAKUllAI: DETERMIN' ATIOX OF THE TEMPERATUllE 

 Temperature of steaui. 



Tlie experiments of Kudberg are always regarded as coiiclnsixe 

 evidence tliat tlie temperature of steam issuing from a boiling salt 

 solution is only 100°; but as tliey were carried out in the ordinary 

 way without proper precautions against the steam cooling before 

 reaching the thermometer, we must regard his results as unsatis- 

 factory, in presence of the fact that with such precautions tlie tem- 

 pera tm-e proves to he higher. 



AViillner (Ann. Chan. Plii/s. [Pogg.] 110, 387), from determina- 

 tions of the tension of steam arising from boiling salt solutions, pointed 

 out that such steam, having less tension than that evolved from pure 

 water at the same temperature, must be iion-saturated, and that 

 theoretically, therefore, it could not have the temperatine of 100"". 



Magnus (Ann. Clem. VJnjs. [I'ogj-] 112, 408) is generally regarded 

 as having experimentally proved that steam from a boiling salt solu- 

 tion has a temperature equal, or nearly equal, to that of the solution 

 itself. It will, therefore, be interesting to know exactly the nature of 

 his evidence, and I propose to refer to his pa])cr somewhat in detail. 

 In tlie first part, ^lagnus menti«ms that IJudorff, who was working 

 in his lal)orat(<ry, had devised two methods of ascertaining the real 

 temperature of steam coming out of a salt solution, the results show- 

 ing that the temperature of the steam is above 100°. 



One of these methods consists in dipping the thermometer into a 

 boiling salt solution and, when it has attained the lemperature of the 



