g. J. SATvURAT : DETERMIXATIOX OP THE TEMPERATURE 



referred to, in which he employed a double-walled vessel containing 

 the experimental salt solution in both chambers. 



Müller {Berichte d. Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 9, 1629), apparently not 

 acquainted witli I'nn'.day'.s earlier experiments, made observations 

 similar to his, and came to the same conclusion as Faraday first did, 

 nnmelv, that the steam g-enerated from a boiling salt solution hns only 

 llie temperature of 100°. He regards this view as being confinned by 

 the following considerations. 



1st. The solution begins to boil (that is, steam bubbles freely ri>e 

 to the surface and there burst) below its proper boiling point, and the 

 temperature then slowly rises. The steam formed at first at 100° 

 acts on the solution in the same manner as that passed from without, 

 and heats it up to the boiling point. 



2nd. Higher temperatures are indicated Ijy salt solutions when 

 boiling gentl}^ than when boiling violently ; in the latter case, m<ire 

 stenm bubbles comino: in contact with tlie bulb of the thermometer. 

 Similarly, a rise of temperature is observed on removing the flame 

 after violent ebullition. 



Mliller's account of the first effect of heating a salt solution is so 

 remarkable that I feel it incumbent to adhere closely to his words. 

 He says : " A solution of calcium chloride whose boiling point is 

 126°, for example, is already completely boiling at 110°, and the 

 temperature then rises to 126° in about half a minute" (he. cif., 

 1631). I have repeatedly tried similar experiments, but have never 

 been able to confirm the statement that tiie solution, whose proper 

 boiling point is 12o°, is completelij boiling at 110°, though it is per- 

 fectly true that the solution begins to boil at about this temperature. 

 1 confess, therefore, tliat it is a relief to me to be able to dispense 

 with any discussion of ^liiller's interpretation of these phenomena, 

 for whatever their sio-nification mav be, the fact that the observed 



