OP STEAM AllIÖlXG PllOM BOILIXG SALT 80LUTIUX«. 9 



phenomena of incipient ebullition of a «ult solution differ in no 

 respect from those of ])urc water, except lliat of higher temperatures, 

 deprives them of all vnlue for throwing light upon the question at 

 i.ssuc. A similnr remnrk may Ije made with regard to Midler's other 

 observations, namely, th()se which I'elate to the difference of tempera- 

 ture in the boihno- solution, accordinii' as it is freelv evolvini"' tl e 

 steam or not. It is a welhknown fact that a thermometer dipped 

 into a boiling liquid, say water, gives very irregular indications, 

 higher temperatures being always indicated wlien steani is less 

 freely escaping. In short, the facts observed by Midler are by ikj 

 means limited to salt solutions, and his aro-ument that the steam j.t 

 the moment of its formation has only the temperature of 100° cannot, 

 therefore, be regarded as in any degree satisfactory. 



Wiilhier (Berichte d. Deutsch. Chcni. Ges. 10 256) wrote a note 

 on Midler's paper, pointing out thtit the fact that a solution of calcium 

 chloride may be heated up to its boiling point by the action of ordinary 

 steam had already been known to Gay-Lussac and observed by 

 Faraday, who on more careful experimental enquiry changed his first 

 opinion, and came to the conclusion that the steam escîiping from a 

 boiling salt solution must have the temperature of the latter. He also 

 points out again that such steam is not saturated, and that, therefore, 

 it could not have the temperature of 100°. 



Pfaundler (Berichte d. Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 10, -163) objects to 

 Midler's conclusion on much the s-ame grounds as WiUlner, and fidly 

 supports the views of the latter. Further on, Pfaundler attempts to 

 explain- the fact observed by Magnus that the temperature of steam 

 arising from a boiling salt solution is not quite the same as that 

 of the latter ; this explanation, which is not easy to accept, is also not 

 needed, as the facts observed by Magnus, and upon which this ex- 

 planation is Ijasedj are, as already pointed out, by no means convin- 



