312 



C. ISHIKAWA. 



individuals, which, according to liim, ;^'oes either from the periphery 

 towards the central mass or vice versa. 



h, Spùre-formation. 



The general phases of spore-formation have heen worked over 

 by previous writers, such as Cienliowskti (7, 8), Fiohin (31), and 

 others. Tlie spore-forming individuals appear to possess a less 

 quantity of cell -substance than ordinary individuals, owing, to 

 the flowing together of the protoplasmic network with the central 

 mass, as Cienkoirsl:ij ( 7, 8 ) rightly observed. The observations 

 of the same naturalist of the partial division of the entire body in the 

 earlier phases of budding, are, as stated above, in accordance with my 

 own, although the lines of division are not so deej) as C'ien- 

 Icoii'slxii sliows them in his Fig. 14 (7); hut then division of the body 

 into four parts is more seldom met with than that into two. 



Tl»e two nuclei resulting from the division of the first nucleus 

 do not usually remain stationary, but soon change their relatixe posi- 

 tions, and thus tlie second division does not generally take place at 

 right angles to the first, as will be seen in Figs. 15, 1(), and 48. In 

 consequence of this, the first four nuclei very seldom lie regularly 

 on the surface of the cell. The time of the division of the first four 

 nuclei is also not exactly the same in all of them, ccnisiderable fluc- 

 tuations l)ein"' observed in this and also in all the succeedinii' stages. 

 Accordingly, the number of the nuclei, as well as that of the s]X)res. 

 is not uniformly a multiple of two. as counted by Uohin (6, p. 1069), 

 but<jiiite irregular. Ci<'nl-<iir.4-if ( 7, p. 1 .^5) and also Bohin (6, p. 1070) 

 admit, in fact, that the diviyi<m becomes tolerably irregular when the 

 number of the nuclei becomes large. Tlie number of ripe spores also 

 varies much according to the size of tlie individual, being less in smalls 

 er individuals than in larger ones. I have counted in one case more 



