42 



RUTLEDGE T. WILTBANK 



(see pp. 34 ff.)- As was there pointed out, it is the errors 

 made in the blind alleys during the finst few trials which 

 become fixed and constitute the chief obstacle which the 

 animal has to overcome in order to learn the maze. The 

 transfer is negative prior to the change of mazes after the 

 sixteenth trial for the reason that the factors making for 

 positive transfer, and particularly the practise in error- 



ZTria/s in S' 



lifter 

 4 Tria/s 



/Jfter 

 f Tria/s 



t6 rrtefs 



^ 



/ifter Com/t/efB 

 Learnirrg o^ £ 



Percentages of Transfer of Thf/r?/n^ trf Orotps Leafnin^ 

 the D A^^ze after the Partj^a/ Leofrning of tiie € Aiaze 

 on the Bas/s of the /lyera^e Total /dumber of Zrrors 

 ancf the /^yenff^e TotisJ T/me per Pat 



TrjaJs 



Errors __ . ^ 



Time . — — ■ " 



/V<S,/5? 



elimination, do not gain the ascendency over the negative 

 tendencies until the latter stage of the learning process. 

 Concerning the factors making for positive transfer, we 

 may assert with confidence that the kinaesthetic habits 

 tending to impel the animal into the blind alleys are formed 

 at the beginning of the learning-process, and that the 

 practise in error-elimination does not exert its beneficent 

 effect until the latter part of the process; but we cannot 



